Insulation materials used in buildings can keep warm and soundproof, improve the comfort of living, and help to save energy and reduce emissions. Don't underestimate the contribution of insulation materials to energy conservation and emission reduction. In the development goal of building energy conservation proposed by the “Eleventh Five-Year Planâ€, the contribution rate of building energy conservation should reach 20%, that is, save 120 million tons of standard coal – of course, this Everything needs to be built on the premise of being safe and reliable.
Insulation materials can be laid on the inner wall, but the actual application of the insulation effect is not ideal, so the current insulation materials are usually laid on the outer wall. At present, the commercial external wall insulation materials available on the market mainly include polystyrene board, extruded board and polyurethane foam. The first two materials were used earlier than polyurethane foam. Some buildings still use these materials. Compared with polystyrene board and extruded board, polyurethane foam has the advantages of good thermal insulation performance, good heat resistance, long service life, light weight, convenient transportation and construction, water resistance is also good, and the price is slightly higher. At present, polyurethane foam has gradually replaced them and become the first choice for exterior wall insulation materials.
As an organic thermal insulation material, polyurethane foam also avoids the shortcomings common to all organic thermal insulation materials: flammable, high temperature and fire resistance, and release a large amount of toxic and harmful smoke at high temperatures. At the same time, after the polyurethane foam is burned, the flame temperature is high and the smog is diffused, which increases the difficulty for firefighters to rescue and evacuate the site personnel.
In addition to these organic insulation materials, another type of inorganic insulation material can be used as the exterior wall insulation material. These materials are non-toxic, tasteless and harmless, have high ignition point, good fire resistance, no chemical reaction at high temperature, no toxic and harmful gases, and good environmental affinity. Unfortunately, these inorganic thermal insulation materials have various difficulties when used as external wall insulation. For example, thermal insulation mortar cannot be applied to high-rise buildings, and the thermal insulation effect is not satisfactory. The new calcium silicate inorganic thermal insulation material is used in the engineering field. Technically immature; poor water resistance is a common problem of various inorganic thermal insulation materials; the most important problem is that the cost of inorganic thermal insulation materials is too high, such as inorganic rock wool board is more than 6 times the price of polyurethane foam. The high cost limits the large-scale use of inorganic insulating materials with excellent performance and environmental protection to a certain extent. The phenolic foam materials with better fire resistance than polyurethane can only be used in high-grade public buildings such as the Bird's Nest and the Water Cube.
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