“There is oil in the Middle East and rare earth in China.†This slogan still remains in the Alding Square in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. The slogan that was shouted at the beginning was more of a kind of declarative meaning, and now it is really hot. After the "Diaoyu Island Incident", rare earths became more sensitive, and the big country game between China, Japan and the United States was certainly not only rare earths, but as a representative of fundamental interests, rare earths have become a corner of the world. As experts often say, rare earth is not a soil, and now it is a rare earth diplomacy.
Rare earth is not a soil, but it is a general term for a class of metals with less global reserves. It is reported that rare earth is not only used in various civil high-end technologies such as maglev trains and magnetic resonance imagers, but is also widely used in military materials such as missiles and aircraft engines. Therefore, rare earth is called “industrial MSG†and “gold in the 21st centuryâ€, and it is an important strategic resource.
From over-excavation to restrictions
As a recognized major country of rare earth resources, China's rare earth production reached 120,000 tons in 2009, accounting for 97% of world production. More than 90% of rare earth upstream and midstream products from other countries are imported from China. However, in recent years, China's rare earth development has always been a serious phenomenon such as over-exploitation, blind competition, low-cost overseas losses, and resource benefits have not been seen. Industry insiders have told reporters that in the past few years, there were even more than 1,000 mines with mining licenses at the peak in Jiangxi Province. “But the mining of Daxie has not brought considerable profits.†On the periphery, a 2005 data showed that the year The annual export volume of rare earths in China has increased by 9 times compared with 1990, and the price has dropped by more than 55%.
"The domestic chaos is difficult to cure, and foreign countries are frequently drilling holes. This is the status quo of the rare earth industry in China in recent years." Cui Xinsheng, a researcher at the China Value Index, concluded in an interview with the reporter of the International Finance News that "in the final analysis, this is because China's mistakes in the strategic decision-making and policies of rare earths, such as acquiescence to foreign-invested enterprises to develop without restrictions; on the one hand, the chaos behind the scenes also shows the impulse of interest of local governments. Perhaps, in order to achieve beautiful GDP data, it will not hesitate to give up The protection of resources, acquiescence and even connivance for over-exploitation and foreign-owned factories."
"But fortunately, the relevant departments in China have already realized this problem." Cui Xinsheng also pointed out that this is a "gospel" for China's rare earth industry. At present, relevant departments have issued a series of policies prohibiting processing trade, export quotas, raising export tariffs, and export certification. This year, the Ministry of Commerce of China also reduced the export quota for rare earth products to 30.258 million tons, a drop of 39.52%. At the enterprise level, on September 6, the state issued the "Opinions of the State Council on Promoting Mergers and Acquisitions of Enterprises" to include rare earths in the six mergers and acquisitions industry. In addition, it is reported that the Ministry of Land and Resources is also considering the regulation of rare earth reserves to control production.
Especially in the series of measures implemented this year, China's rare earth export prices are gradually coming out of the "radish price." The rare earth price recently announced by the Rare Earth Alliance shows that the price of rare earth has doubled compared to the same period last year.
From finding leaks to shouting
Seeing China’s restrictions on the export of rare earths, the United States and Japan are unable to sit still. Recently, they have been clamoring for China through various channels.
A few days ago, rumors about "China stopped exporting rare earths to Japan" were even worse, and even caused large-scale reports and analysis by the Japanese media, and the Japanese government frequently took rare earths to say things to China. But yesterday, the Kyodo News quoted a trading company executive as saying that "China restarted the customs clearance process for exporting rare earth minerals to Japan earlier on Wednesday."
At the same time, according to foreign media reports, the United States wants to collect evidence and accuse the WTO of hoarding rare earths in China. US Congressman Cathy De Campel released the rumor, "If we do not take action to ensure that we have sufficient supply, then the United States will definitely be in danger of national security and economic security."
“It used to be a loophole in China’s policy, but now it is constantly putting pressure on China. This shows the ambition behind these countries – the goal of crushing China through rare earths.†Cui Xinsheng pointed out that “the fact is that the United States and Japan It has long been reserved for ten years or even decades of rare earth strategic reserves. Even if China restricts export quotas, it will not fundamentally affect its products and industries. Therefore, this is a country in the United States and Japan. conspiracy."
"In the face of such conspiracy and related international background, China should still adhere to the restrictions on the export of rare earths." Cui Xinsheng pointed out that this can guarantee China's interests.
From exporting to pricing
"Internal governance chaos, the outside resists the plot of other countries, but for China, this is far from enough." Cui Xinsheng pointed out that the most important thing is that China must also grasp or fundamentally grasp the pricing power of rare earth. The data show that the metal lanthanum, metal lanthanum, metal lanthanum, metal lanthanum, etc. in the rare earth element, the purity of the crude material and the refined material are increased by 1%, and the price will be doubled. However, the relevant excellent processing technologies are currently dominated by developed countries such as the United States and Japan, while in China, only rare earth oxides or other alloy-type low value-added rare earth processed products are exported. "This is also the factor that led to the frequent sale of rare earth export prices in China." Cui Xinsheng said.
In fact, there have been rumors in the past that China may consider using rare earths in exchange for technology. "In the context of controlling the pricing power to grasp the price of rare earths, this is simply impossible." Cui Xinsheng bluntly said that what can be done now is to establish a relevant evaluation mechanism to estimate the demand for global rare earths. And make reasonable pricing, and then work hard to obtain the pricing power of rare earth.
Song Yuxing, a professor at the School of Business at Nanjing University, believes that the state needs to implement unified management of the rare earth policy and implement a unified policy. At the same time, local governments need to strengthen the implementation of relevant policies. "In short, everything must be based on the premise of protecting the interests of the country, and in accordance with the relevant principles of the WTO in the international arena, so that the United States and Japan have nowhere to seize the 'handle' of China."
During the two sessions this year, Hu Ercha, deputy of the National People's Congress and the mayor of Baotou City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, also said that “there is no high-tech without rare earthsâ€, and also called on China to “develop a rare earth high-tech industry development strategy as soon as possible†to clarify the rare earth industry and high-tech The development direction of technology industry integration, the establishment of a national-level rare earth resource reserve, and increased support for rare earth basic research, the establishment of rare earth research and development centers and other scientific research institutions.
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