Interview with Gao Yunhu, Deputy Director of the Raw Materials Division of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
In the five-year plan for the new materials industry since the founding of New China, it has pointed out six major development priorities for China's new materials industry, which is still in the stage of tracking and catching up, and proposes a core solution to the integration of production, education and research, and guides the industrial chain to be tight. development of
"Because the new material industry is less dependent on resources and environment, it is also the material basis for the development of strategic emerging industries. Many places regard it as one of the development priorities. This is a good thing for the development of China's new materials industry. But it does not mean that it can be rushed." In an exclusive interview with China Investment magazine, Gao Yunhu, deputy director of the raw materials department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, believes that in the face of the new material industry, a new industry that is still in the cultivation stage, At present, the core is to solve the problem of integration of production, education and research, and to prevent emerging industries from inevitably having some problems of blindness and spontaneity, repeated construction and repeated investment.
To this end, the "12th Five-Year Development Plan for New Materials Industry" issued by the State Council (hereinafter referred to as "Planning") specifically proposes to actively break through technical and equipment constraints, establish innovative demonstration platforms and public service platforms, and improve basic data and help. Development and promotion of key materials for enterprises.
Gao Yunhu gave an explanation for the 2 trillion output value proposed in the Plan: “The state will adopt various measures to encourage the development of new materials industry during the 'Twelfth Five-Year Plan' period, and the enthusiasm of developing new materials industries everywhere is also very high. High, therefore, the growth rate of the new materials industry will exceed the average level during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period. At the same time, considering that the new materials industry is still in the incubation period as a whole, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of industrial development, avoiding the rise, The growth rate should not be raised too high. Therefore, the "plan" put forward the goal of an average annual growth rate of more than 25% during the 12th Five-Year Plan period and reach a total scale of 2 trillion yuan by 2015." He told reporters that new materials The scope is wide, the variety is large, and the industrial boundary is relatively vague. There has been no accurate number of statistics on the total scale of the industry. After researching and conducting statistics in different fields and sub-categories, the Raw Materials Division concluded that the new material industry in 2010 was about 650 billion yuan, and the average annual growth during the 11th Five-Year Plan period was about 20%. In this context, the above-mentioned The achievement of the goal should be "a matter of course."
Basic research is difficult to "laboratory"
The new materials industry was listed as the beginning of the seven strategic emerging industries. The discussion on its development plan is endless. What kind of background do you think the "Planning" is based on?
Gao Yunhu : In October 2010, the State Council made a decision on accelerating the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries, and listed new materials as one of the seven strategic emerging industries that were mainly cultivated and developed. The national economic and social development announced in early 2011. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan Outline also sets forth tasks and requirements for nurturing and developing new materials industry development. In order to implement the spirit of the "Outline" and "Decision" and further clarify the goals, priorities and measures for the development of the new material industry during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", we will work with relevant departments to prepare the "Planning".
As the first five-year plan for new materials since the founding of New China, its preparation process lasted more than two years. In order to accurately grasp the development law of the new material industry, reasonably determine the planning objectives, and highlight the planning priorities, the drafting team conducted on-site research on more than 100 enterprises in the process of preparation of the “planâ€, and formed research on three levels: key areas, key areas, and downstream users. More than 2 million words of special reports, solicited opinions from more than 120 units (departments, associations, enterprises), and paid attention to the connection between "planning" and strategic emerging industry master plan, industrial transformation and upgrading plan, and with new energy, high-end equipment manufacturing Coordination of other strategic emerging industries and traditional industry related planning. It can be said that the final "plan" embodies the consensus of all parties in the society and is the crystallization of collective wisdom.
As an industry that is not well known to the public, what is the current development of new materials in China?
Gao Yunhu : After decades of development, China's new materials have grown from scratch, made great contributions to the national economy and national defense construction, and have a good foundation for development. There are also some problems that need to be solved urgently.
From the aspect of performance, first, the new material industry system has taken initial shape. The development trend of R&D, design, production and application is good, and the new material categories are relatively complete. Second, the scale of the new materials industry has continued to grow. In 2010, the scale of China's new materials industry exceeded 650 billion yuan, an average annual increase of about 20% compared with 2005. Third, some key technologies have made major breakthroughs. The self-developed production technologies of niobium alloy, amorphous alloy, high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel, meta-aramid and superconducting materials have reached or are close to the international level.
From the aspect of the problem, there are mainly such aspects:
First, the key material support capacity is insufficient. In 2010, we focused on the demand for new materials in strategic emerging industries, and conducted demand research on more than 30 large-scale key enterprises in the fields of new energy, electronic information, aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile, railway, energy conservation and environmental protection, involving more than 130 a key material. According to the survey results, 32% of the 130 kinds of materials currently have no domestic production capacity and are completely dependent on imports. 54% of the current domestic production, but the output, performance and quality can not meet the domestic requirements. Only 14% can now achieve complete self-sufficiency, but most of them are relatively low-tech varieties. The lack of overall material support capability has made domestic enterprises seriously lacking in production process development, material performance testing, and data analysis, which has hindered the pace of new material development and industrialization.
Second, the production, study and research are disconnected from each other. China's new materials industry is still in the stage of tracking and catching up. The basic research of new materials mainly relies on state investment, and it is difficult for enterprises to develop new materials. Due to the lagging construction of the integrated public service platform for production, education and research, the efficient transfer and transformation mechanism of technological innovation has not yet been established, resulting in a slow pace of industrialization of new materials, a disconnect between scientific research and production and application, and a general lack of basic research and industrialization. In the pilot research phase, a large number of scientific research results cannot be transformed into actual productivity. Many advanced technologies mostly stay in the laboratory stage, and it is difficult to achieve engineering, industrialization and scale.
Third, the policy environment needs to be further improved. For a long time, the independent main body status of China's new materials industry is not clear enough, the supporting support policies are not perfect, and the statistical and standard systems are not sound enough. Material development is often passively responding to the needs of major projects, scattered in various application areas, the commonality and versatility of materials are ignored. The new material industry has high technical content and short product cycle. The research and development, production and promotion applications require a large amount of capital, which implies huge risks. The incentive and guiding role of fiscal and taxation policies needs to be further strengthened. Regarding the fiscal and taxation support policies, we have conducted special research and preliminary statistics on the various policies already in the seven strategic emerging industries. The results show that the other six strategic emerging industries other than new materials have a total of more than 40 financial special projects, while the new materials industry only has some general support policies such as 863, 973, and the gap is very obvious.
Industry chain boosts 2 trillion goals
The "Plan" proposes that the total industrial value will reach 2 trillion yuan in 2015, and the average annual growth rate will exceed 25%. What considerations are based on this goal? What kind of countermeasures does the "plan" put forward to achieve the goal?
Gao Yunhu : The new material has a wide range, many varieties, and the industrial boundary is relatively vague. There has been no accurate number of statistics on the total scale of the industry. After our research and statistics on sub-fields and sub-categories, the scale of the new materials industry in 2010 was about 650 billion yuan, and the average annual growth during the 11th Five-Year Plan period was about 20%. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the state will adopt various measures to encourage support for the development of new materials industries. The enthusiasm of developing new materials industries is also high. Therefore, the growth rate of new materials industry will exceed the average level during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period. At the same time, considering that the new materials industry is still in the cultivation stage as a whole, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of industrial development, and avoiding the rise, the growth rate should not be raised too high. Therefore, the Plan proposes an annual average growth rate of more than 25% during the 12th Five-Year Plan period and a total size of 2 trillion yuan by 2015.
To achieve this goal, I believe that the core is to solve the problem of integration of industry, academia and research. First, we must lay a solid foundation for the innovative development of production, education and research. It is necessary to actively break through the constraints of technology and equipment, focus on establishing a number of internationally advanced innovation demonstration platforms and public service platforms, and gradually improve the basic data such as material composition research, quality indicators, and service performance to provide guarantee for the development and promotion of key materials. The second is to build an industrial development mechanism combining production, education and research, and improve the industrial chain. It is necessary to guide production enterprises to closely cooperate with research institutes and downstream users, and establish a group of integrated industry-university-industry-industry alliances with key enterprises as the main body, close cooperation between upstream and downstream, clear division of labor, benefit sharing, and full advantage of members. From the upstream raw material production to the processing of new materials, to the complete industrial chain of downstream demonstration applications.
The lack of independent core technology and key equipment has been plaguing the development of China's new materials industry. What do you think of this issue?
Gao Yunhu : Technology and equipment are subject to people, which is one of the constraints of the development of China's new materials industry. Taking carbon fiber as an example, although there are dozens of carbon fiber enterprises in large and small sizes in China, there are very few real low-cost and stable industrial production. The main problem is that the key equipment is not self-contained and localized, such as saturated steam drafting, wide-caliber high-temperature carbonization and other core equipment, the domestic gap is still quite large. The dependence of equipment on imports also restricts the research and development of process technology, and the improvement of imported equipment and re-innovation work are also relatively lacking.
The reasons for this phenomenon are multiple. On the one hand, some enterprises have short-sighted development goals, relying solely on the introduction of technology, procurement of equipment, and imitation of products, and do not pay attention to core technologies and key equipment, ignoring technological innovation. On the other hand, the state's attention to the special technical equipment of new materials is not enough, lack of special policy support, the risk of independent development of enterprises is greater, and the power is also affected.
In this regard, based on the development status of various fields, we have proposed a number of technologies and equipment that are intended to be broken through during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, which are summarized in the development priorities of the “Planning†and the “Product Catalogâ€. Of course, there are many new materials and there are many technical equipment problems that need to be solved. The "Planning" is only part of it. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the new materials industry should attach great importance to the issue of technical equipment. In the national support policy for new materials industry, it will also increase investment in technical equipment and strive for breakthroughs.
Coordinate layout to avoid duplication of construction
How do you view the key development directions of the rare earth functional materials and other industries proposed in the "Planning"? Will China generate a new round of overcapacity signs in these areas in the future? How to avoid?
Gao Yunhu : "Planning" puts forward the development focus of six major fields of special metal functional materials, high-end metal structural materials, advanced polymer materials, new inorganic non-metallic materials, high-performance composite materials and cutting-edge new materials, and further narrows the six major fields. Divided into 20 key development directions, rare earth functional materials are one of them. From the key aspects of R&D, industrialization and market application of these development priorities, the “Planning†has clearly defined the development approach, development goals, major products, key applications, etc., aiming to further provide a basis for policy orientation and corporate decision-making.
To put it simply, the development priorities of the "Planning" including rare earth functional materials have great potential for development during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period. Taking rare earth functional materials as an example, as an “industrial vitaminâ€, it can be widely used in various fields of high-tech industries, and is also one of the key materials indispensable for the development of new energy, energy conservation and environmental protection, new energy vehicles and other strategic emerging industries. In addition, China's rare earth resources have relatively prominent advantages, and the existing industrial base is good. The future development of rare earth functional materials is broad.
Concerns about the new round of overcapacity are not non-existent. From the historical experience, emerging industries will inevitably have some blindness and spontaneity in the early stage of development. The problems of repeated construction and repeated investment have also occurred from time to time. While making the decision to develop strategic emerging industries, the state has successively adopted guidance from the State Council, relevant industry plans, and fiscal and taxation policies to strengthen industrial development. Relevant departments have taken corresponding measures to make these emerging industries as possible. Being able to develop healthily, rationally guide social investment, and effectively avoid redundant construction. Therefore, I believe that if the national plan can be implemented effectively and relevant policies can be implemented, the contradiction between industrial development and overcapacity can be resolved.
Under the background of strategic emerging industries in various places, the new material industry with good growth prospects has become the focus of local development. In your opinion, how should we guide local investment in the new materials industry?
Gao Yunhu : Since the State Council made a decision on accelerating the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries, local governments have successively introduced local support based on the seven strategic emerging industries proposed by the state, combined with the existing local industrial base and future development plans. Policy for the development of strategic emerging industries. Due to the low dependence of the new materials industry on the resource environment and the material basis for the development of strategic emerging industries, many places regard it as one of the development priorities. This is a good thing for the development of China's new materials industry, but it does not mean that it can be rushed.
Reasonable guidance for local investment in new materials industry, on the one hand, in accordance with the "Planning", the implementation of new material industry layout requirements, promote industrial agglomeration, foster a number of advantageous industrial bases, and promote the coordinated development of new materials industry in the eastern, central and western regions. On the other hand, when implementing national planning and formulating regional development strategies, localities should reasonably determine their development priorities according to their own conditions, especially for some products with large investment scale, long construction period and wide social impact.
At present, what is the development of the new materials industry in the world, and what is the main gap between China and China?
Gao Yunhu: In short, the development of the international new materials industry has several characteristics:
First, governments of all countries attach great importance to the development of new materials industries. Since the financial crisis, countries around the world have started a new round of global economic and technological high-level competition. Developed countries have invariably adopted new materials, new energy and other emerging industries as the next stage of development, and introduced special policies to support them. For example, in 2011, the United States launched the “Material Genome Projectâ€, hoping to shorten the development time of new materials.
Second, new materials and new technologies are constantly emerging. The new material technology is integrated with nanotechnology, biotechnology and information technology, and the integration of structural functions and functional materials is obvious. For example, the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to the discoverers of graphene, a material that was only rare in the history of the Nobel Prize in Physics for only six years from discovery to the Nobel Prize.
Third, the pattern of multinational companies occupying a dominant position in the high-end areas of the new materials industry has taken shape. Large multinational companies, relying on their technological R&D, capital, and talents, use technology and patents as barriers, and have occupied a dominant position in most high-tech, high-value-added new materials, including after China. The country is under greater pressure.
The overall development level of China's new materials industry is still far from the developed countries. I have also introduced some problems existing in China's new materials industry. In general, the gap between China and the international advanced level is mainly reflected in: new materials. The ability of independent development is weak, the innovation power of large-scale materials enterprises is not strong, and the key new materials are insufficient; the production, study and research are disconnected from each other, the industrial chain is short, the promotion and application of new materials are difficult, and the industrial development model is imperfect; The industry lacks overall planning and policy guidance, and R&D investment is small and scattered, and basic management work is relatively weak.
The development of the new materials industry has a long way to go. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will actively strengthen industry management with various departments, improve policy measures, increase support, create a favorable environment for the development of new materials industry, and promote China's transition from a large material country to a material power country.
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