Zhao Bingwei: Discussion on the development of cutting tool industry

Abstract Zhao Bingyan: Male, born in 1938, former director and chief engineer of Chengdu Tool Research Institute, former vice chairman and executive director of China Knife Association, chairman of the China Machine Tool Industry Association Tool Branch, and chairman of the technical committee. Has participated in the research of automatic lines and CNC tools...

Zhao Bingyan: Male, born in 1938, former director and chief engineer of Chengdu Tool Research Institute, former vice chairman and executive director of China Knife Association, chairman of the China Machine Tool Industry Association Tool Branch, and chairman of the technical committee. He has participated in the research and development of automatic lines and CNC tools, the research of heavy-duty tools and the research of cutting mechanism, as well as the management of administrative and scientific research. He has experienced the development process of cutting technology and tool industry in China during this period. According to the rapid development of world cutting technology since the end of the 20th century, the direction and characteristics of modern cutting technology development are put forward, so as to explore the development of China's tool industry and the way of transformation and upgrading; participate in the development of cutting technology and tools in the new situation. The propaganda for the Chinese Knife Association put forward the slogan of “Developing Cutting Technology to Build and Manufacturing a Powerful Country” and the training of trainees in the localization of car knives and the Chinese knives tool application technology seminar.

Cutting technology and cutting tools are the basic processes and key technologies of the equipment manufacturing industry. They not only determine the processing efficiency of parts and the quality of processing, but also play an important role in reducing processing costs. This article interviewed Mr. Zhao Bingyan, the chief engineer and chief engineer of the original Chengdu Tool Research Institute, which has been deeply involved in this industry for decades, on the development history, current situation and development direction of China's tool industry.

1. The development history of China's cutting tool industry

The development of China's tool industry can be started from the planned economy period of the 1950s and 1960s. At that time, the tool industry consisted of two parts: a professional tool factory, mass production of common standard tools such as twist drills, end mills, High-speed steel tools such as taps and sophisticated tools; the other part is a tool shop or tool branch attached to each machine factory. It is responsible for the manufacture of non-standard tools for the factory and the manufacture of welded carbide turning tools and milling cutters. At the same time, the most important tool materials for determining tool performance are produced by steel and carbide plants under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Metallurgy, while most tool and mechanical processing plants are in the machinery or machinery industry. The model of this planning system played an active role in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, but there were some problems in the later period: the products of the professional tool factory were similar, the products were sold to the users by the hardware company, and the contact between the tool factory and the tool users was less. The tool factory did not play a role in improving the level of cutting, so its importance in the manufacturing industry was also seriously underestimated; due to the fragmentation and interest mechanism constraints, the tool industry has a strong desire to develop tool materials. The strong support of these tool material manufacturers has restricted the improvement of tool performance and the advancement of cutting technology.

After the reform and opening up, the original tool shop disappeared in the reform of state-owned enterprises, and the tool factory was separated to form a professional tool enterprise and became a member of the tool industry. Later, in the government system reform, the Ministry of Metallurgy and the Ministry of Machinery were streamlined. Attracted by the huge market for deep processing of tool materials, the hard alloy enterprises of China's former Ministry of Metallurgy and other systems were transformed into tool companies. For example, Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Group separated the cemented carbide tool materials and tool business to form Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. Ltd. has also become a member of the tool industry. In this way, a unified tool industry has jointly provoked the burden of developing China's cutting technology to improve the level of cutting and processing, and has achieved remarkable results so far.

2. Enlightenment from the development of some cutting tool companies at home and abroad

From the worldwide analysis of the composition of the contemporary tool industry, it can be clearly seen that it consists of two types of enterprises, which can be called binary structure: (1) one is a small number of companies with strong comprehensive strength to develop and produce cemented carbide tools. The company has the advantages of developing hard alloy materials, advanced equipment conditions, a strong talent team and marketing network to develop and sell high-performance tool varieties. The products are mainly turning tools, milling cutters and hole machining tools (sheets). Due to the large demand and wide application of these tools, these companies have played a great role in improving the overall level of cutting operations in the manufacturing industry and leading the development of cutting technology. Role, many foreign famous tool companies entering the Chinese market are now in this category. (2) Another type of enterprise in the industry is a large number of specialized small and medium-sized tool companies that have improved their processing efficiency or innovated their processing technology with their own proprietary technologies and featured products, filling the gaps in products and technologies of large tool companies. They do one or a class of knives and even only the chucks of the knives, strive for excellence, create a brand, share the knives market with large tool companies, and there are many foreign famous tool brands in the Chinese tool market. . These two types of tool companies work together to improve the level of cutting, making the tool industry play an important role in improving manufacturing efficiency, developing new products, new processes and building innovative systems for the manufacturing industry.

Since the 1980s, with the progress of state-owned enterprise reform and the adjustment of government agencies, China's tool industry has gradually formed a unified dual-structure tool industry, achieving a major adjustment of the tool industry structure.

First of all, Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. has a leading position in the domestic large-scale carbide tool company. Its comprehensive strength is at the leading position in the country, and it is also at an advanced level in the world. It is expected to play a role in the localization of high-end tools. Important role. However, from the structure of the tool industry in industrialized countries, a manufacturing country like China has only one company like Zhuzhou Diamond. It is not enough to have at least three companies to meet the demand for advanced tools in the manufacturing industry. Large companies like Xiamen Jinlu Special Materials Co., Ltd. and several cemented carbide materials in Jiangxi are expected to become the second and third.

At the same time, there are a number of small and medium-sized tool companies with significant professional features in the tool industry, most of which are private enterprises, such as Zhengzhou Diamond Precision Manufacturing Co., Ltd., which has PCD-based tools not only in China. Users also rely on the trust of Japanese users; and PCBN inserts developed by Zhengzhou Fenike Superhard Materials Co., Ltd. have been widely used in the cutting of hardened materials, and developed PCBN inserts for interrupted cutting and roughing. Its performance has attracted the attention of foreign investors. There are also specialized CNC tool companies such as Chengdu Qianmu CNC Tool Co., Ltd. and Sentai Yingge CNC Tool Co., Ltd., which mainly produce CNC tool and tool system; Hengfeng, which produces precision and complex gear cutters and broaches. Tools Co., Ltd.; Chengdu Tools Co., Ltd., which develops non-standard carbide tools such as carbide thread cutters, car crankshaft machining tools, etc. These small and medium-sized tool professional companies have partially replaced imported knives, but lack innovation in the whole, they are in the development stage of striving to “fine” the products, and innovation is the development of specialized SMEs and the creation of brands. Premise. It is necessary to adhere to the in-depth study of the processing technology for a long time, in order to achieve some discovery and innovation from the processing practice.

3. Key issues to be solved urgently in China's tool industry

(1) Change the business philosophy to accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading? How to do the transformation and upgrading of the tool industry, foreign tool companies have set an example for us. The strong position of foreign tool companies in the market of “the largest country in tool consumption” today is closely related to their transformation. The transformed tool company is no longer a pure tool manufacturer and supplier, but a manufacturer, supplier and service provider of cutting technology and cutting efficiency, so that the tool manufacturers have the technical advantages and The function of the product is transformed into the benefit of the tool user and the user's cutting level is improved. While this transformation brings benefits to users, it also provides business opportunities for the development of the tool industry and gains inspiration for tool innovation, which accelerates the development of the tool industry. In recent years, the speed of new tool launches by foreign tool companies has been greatly increased. Accelerating is the direct result of industry transformation. Therefore, this transformation has produced a win-win effect and has a strong vitality. After the transformation, the cutting tool enterprises will face the manufacturing industry, understand the characteristics of the important industrial sectors in the manufacturing industry, the production methods, the main materials to be processed and the future development of the demand for tools, etc., and develop the applicable roads in time. The tools and services to achieve the business objectives of "providing a set of tools" and "providing solutions to problems". It can be seen that many enterprises in China's tool industry have made remarkable progress in transformation and service, and developed "knives for processing automotive parts", "tools for processing molds" and "aerospace" required by different industrial sectors. Industrial machining of tools that are difficult to process materials, but there are still many basic work to be done in the industry as a whole.

(2) Pay attention to the construction of professional talents. Modern cutting technology is formed on the basis of the development of disciplines and technologies such as materials science, equipment manufacturing technology and information technology. The professional fields covered have far exceeded the traditional cutting technology. The scope of the professional talents has also undergone major changes. In particular, cemented carbide, superhard tool materials and coating processes play an important role in modern cutting technology, and new professionals must be introduced. In addition, due to the lack of metal cutting and tooling in the undergraduate professional setting, a large number of new undergraduate students generally lack the basic knowledge of cutting technology and cutting tools, and the basic knowledge of cutting technology and cutting tools is the tooling industry's housekeeping skills. It is not only the personnel needs of tool design and development, but also the development of materials, the development of coating grades, and even the marketing. It is necessary to use the basic knowledge of cutting technology and tools to analyze the cutting effect of the tool. Outstanding problems, directions for improvement, and entry points for innovation. Therefore, the ability to build a complex talent team is very important for the development of the tool industry. Along with the transformation of the enterprise, it is necessary to train a team of field service engineers with knowledge of the cutting process system to be the technical support of the marketing personnel.

(3) Improving the innovation ability A remarkable feature of modern cutting technology is that the speed of innovation is greatly accelerated, and new material grades, coating grades, tool (sheet) structures and processing techniques are continuously introduced. Compared with foreign tool companies, the innovation capability of China's tool companies is obviously insufficient. To achieve the transformation to an innovation-driven industry, we must improve our innovation ability and awareness. The core technologies of cutting technology and tooling, including tool materials, coatings, structures and applications, are the main areas of innovation. In recent years, we have basically followed the development of foreign innovations, such as fine particles, ultra-fine cemented carbide, cobalt-rich layer, medium temperature coating, α-Al2O3 coating, large feed small depth-cutting cutter, insert Milling knives, modular knives, and various new shank tool holders are rarely original. Innovative materials and coatings should strengthen basic research, collaborate across disciplines and departments, and leverage the advantages of large carbide tool companies in these two areas. At the same time, large enterprises should also take advantage of the comprehensive advantages of materials, coatings and structures to innovate the grades of the blades. The innovation of the tool (sheet) structure must be targeted, research and development for specific processing objects or processing techniques, and play the role of the right medicine. Small and medium-sized professional tool companies have an in-depth understanding of the relevant machining processes based on a clear professional direction, to find problems, to improve existing tool structures or to innovate machining methods. Therefore, it is the premise to clarify the professional direction, and then persist in and innovate for a long time. The enterprise first becomes the “expert” of the processing technology (preface), and then it can develop distinctive tools and create famous brands.

4. Discussion on the development direction of future cutting tool technology

(1) Emphasis on the development and application of super-hard material tools The significant advances in cutting technology and tools are closely related to the replacement of tool materials. At present, the cutting technology is in the era of full application of cemented carbide tools. Compared with the previous high-speed steel-based period, the cutting technology has undergone a qualitative leap, the cutting processing efficiency has increased several times, dozens of times, and high-speed cutting has been developed. High-efficiency cutting technology, the connotation of cutting technology is further expanded. In recent years, PCD tools in superhard material tools have replaced carbide tools in the application of special applications such as non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials, and the processing efficiency has been greatly improved. Another super-hard material PCBN has improved toughness. In the field of ferrous metal processing, PCBN tools have been used for semi-finishing and interrupted machining in addition to high-efficiency finishing of hardened materials and gray cast iron, partially replacing carbide tools. It has been used in the machining of parts for production lines. Some tool companies have exclaimed the "superhard tool era". Sandvik Coromant's acquisition of General Electric's superhard materials department seems to be telling the industry that such an era is coming quietly.

(2) Emphasis on the development of coating technology and equipment. The emergence of modern cutting technology marked by high speed and high efficiency, coating technology is indispensable, the importance of coating technology and its huge development potential have become the consensus of the industry; The development of CBN coatings will revolutionize tool performance. Coating technology and coating tools have been widely used in China, but most of the coating equipment and technology are introduced, although a lot of localization work has not made up for the technical gap. If this situation does not change, the improvement of China's cutting technology level will be subject to people, and ultimately the damage to China's equipment manufacturing industry.

In addition, the future of new processing technologies such as environmentally-friendly cutting, intelligent cutting, processing of difficult-to-machine materials and new materials, milling and milling (wire), milling and boring (drilling), milling, and grinding The trend is worthy of attention.

Finally, Mr. Zhao concluded that China's tool industry has developed greatly, but there are still gaps between China and foreign tool products, mainly focusing on high-end applications. The technical gap is mainly reflected in the lack of materials and coatings. the study. In addition, there are gaps in business philosophy and professional talents. In summary, there is still a lot of work to be done in terms of technically catching up with foreign tool products, improving the industry structure, accelerating industry transformation and updating business ideas.

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