Promote biodiesel to reduce atmospheric haze

Since the winter of 2015, severe smog weather has occurred in many parts of China, and PM2.5 has exceeded the standard, with Beijing and surrounding areas being the most serious. Moreover, smog has a tendency to become more and more frequent and more and more heavy. On October 17, 2015, the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer issued a report that first identified air pollution as a cause of cancer in humans and regarded it as a universal and major environmental carcinogen. Therefore, some people think that smog is more terrible than SARS. SARS can be isolated, and smog is coming. No one can run, and no one can self-improve and not suck in a hazy environment. Hundreds of millions of people are strongly dissatisfied with the suffocating smog that covers the sky. Therefore, strengthening the management of smog has become a top priority for the construction of ecological civilization. Active development of biodiesel will be the key policy for managing smog.

In 2014, the National Energy Administration issued the "Biodiesel Industry Development Policy" (Guoneng Science and Technology [2014] No. 511) notice that the development of biodiesel industry to improve air quality and ecological environment, increase the proportion of green clean fuel applications, and explore alternative ways of oil Promoting the development of energy, agriculture and forestry is of great significance. It is a major measure to solve the problem of returning the table to the “ditch oil”, effectively safeguard food safety, and maintain public health. It is turning waste into treasure, turning harm into profit, promoting the development of circular economy, and improving The inevitable requirement of the level of ecological civilization.

Diesel vehicle exhaust emissions are an important cause of smog

To control smog, we must first understand the causes of smog. The haze is divided into "primary particles" and "secondary particles". The particles directly discharged from the exhaust gas of fossil fuels such as diesel fuel are "Primary Particulates", which account for about 24% of the total amount of smog. The biggest contribution to smog is that "Seco ndary Particulates" account for about 50% of the total. "Secondary particles" are gaseous pollutants (such as NOx, SOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the combustion gas of fossil fuels. When they enter the atmosphere, they are gas with ammonia and VOC in the air under certain water mist conditions. Particles formed by the sol reaction. Therefore, to control smog, it is necessary to reduce emissions of NOx, SOx and VOC.

According to expert research, motor vehicle pollution emissions are an important source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the air. The Ministry of Environmental Protection has tested in nine cities, and car emissions account for 20% to 30% of pollutant emissions. The source analysis results of PM2.5 in Beijing indicate that the contribution of motor vehicles is generally considered to be between 10% and 50%, and most of them are considered to be between 20% and 30%. Nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) accounted for 42% and 32% of motor vehicle emissions, respectively. Nitrogen oxides and VOCs are not only capable of photochemical reactions in the atmosphere to produce O3 (ozone), but also secondary and secondary organic aerosols, so they are an important source of PM2.5.

In diesel vehicles, heavy-duty diesel exhaust emissions are particularly serious. The Ministry of Environmental Protection's "China Motor Vehicle Pollution Prevention and Control Annual Report (2013)" shows that heavy-duty diesel vehicles account for only 5.6% of vehicle ownership, but their nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM) emissions account for 67.7% of total vehicle emissions. And 78%. That is to say, heavy-duty diesel vehicles are the main source of NOX and PM emissions in motor vehicles.

Heavy-duty diesel vehicles have become the main source of air pollution in China's cities. According to the data released by the Ministry of Environmental Protection's "China Motor Vehicle Pollution Prevention and Control Annual Report [2012] Edition", in 2011, China's diesel vehicle ownership was 15.733 million, accounting for 17% of the total national automobile total of 92.664 million, and NOx and PM. The total emissions reached 3.887 million tons and 590,000 tons, accounting for 67.4% and 99% of the total emissions of automobile NOx and PM in the country that year. The pollution control of diesel exhaust emissions has become the focus of pollution control. China's large trucks and large passenger cars are mainly diesel engines, with a total of 4.606 million units and 1.266 million units, accounting for only 6.3% of the total vehicle ownership, but NOx and PM emissions account for 67.2% of national vehicle emissions. And 78.8%.

In big cities such as Beijing, although we rarely see heavy-duty diesel vehicles during the day, why is smog so serious? This is because Beijing and other cities stipulate that after 11 pm, heavy-duty diesel vehicles can be opened to the city, 7 am Must leave the city before. In these few hours, the things that are needed in the big cities are pulled in and the unwanted things are pulled out, so when we sleep, the streets and alleys of Beijing are basically busy heavy-duty diesel cars. According to data from the Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, the pollutants in Beijing's early morning hours are 2 to 3 times that of three or four o'clock in the afternoon. Therefore, China is a major diesel-consuming country, consuming more than 200 million tons of diesel per year. Diesel exhaust emissions are an important factor in the production of haze. As long as the exhaust of heavy-duty diesel vehicles is treated, the exhaust emissions of motor vehicles will be treated more than half. Therefore, the treatment of heavy-duty diesel exhaust has become the top priority of vehicle exhaust control, and the situation is imminent.

Add biodiesel to petrochemical diesel

Is the key to managing smog


Research and practice at home and abroad have proven that biodiesel has excellent environmental performance. Low sulfur content in biodiesel, resulting in low emissions of sulfur dioxide and sulfides, can be reduced by about 30% (70% with catalyst); biodiesel contains no aromatic alkanes that pollute the environment, exhaust gas damage to humans Lower than diesel. Biodiesel has a high oxygen content, which causes less smoke emission when burning, and carbon monoxide emissions are reduced by about 10% compared with diesel (95% with catalyst); biodiesel has high biodegradability.

Biodiesel has a high oxygen content and is relatively well burned. The carbon dioxide emitted is much lower than the carbon dioxide absorbed during the production of plant raw materials. Biodiesel has a low sulfur content and emits less sulfur dioxide when burned. The blending of biodiesel and petrochemical diesel will effectively improve the environmental performance of diesel engines. Therefore, biodiesel has received the attention of all countries in the world for its superior regenerative, clean and safe advantages. The use of biodiesel blending oil has been used as a mainstream means of reducing emissions in developed countries. Many countries require petrochemical diesel to enter the market without adding biodiesel.

The proportion of foreign biodiesel and petrochemical diesel blended is 5% to 7% in the EU-27; 5% to 20% in the US; 2% to 5% in Canada; 5% in Thailand; 7% in Argentina; and 2% in South Africa. Indonesian Ministry of Energy Ministerial Regulation No. 25 of 2013 stipulates that petrochemical diesel must be added with 10% biodiesel; since July 2014, all gas stations in the country have sold 5% biodiesel fuel, which is used up to 500,000 tons. The ratio of Korean biodiesel blended fuel is 2.5%; in Brazil, biodiesel reached 4.1 million tons in 2015, and the proportion of mandatory blending increased from 5% to 6%.

Promote biodiesel to prevent trench oil

Returning to the table has an important role


The amount of discarded edible oils and fats in China is huge. It is estimated that the amount of discarded edible oils accounts for 20% to 30% of the consumption of edible oil. According to China's consumption of edible oil in 2014, 28.75 million tons, it can produce 575 to 8.62 million tons of waste oil per year. Due to the backward detection and analysis technology and the difficulty in law enforcement supervision, a large number of discarded edible oils and oils have returned to the table through the underground industrial chain, which has become one of the persistent diseases affecting China's food safety.

The production of biodiesel from waste edible oils and fats is a resource-based means of mature technology, high conversion efficiency and high added value of products. The conversion rate of biodiesel produced by using waste oil such as waste oil as raw material can reach 75%~80%, and about 7 million tons of biodiesel can be produced every year. Relying on the biodiesel industry to build the main channel for resource utilization of “ditch oil”, it is of great significance to completely solve the problem of “removing oil” to return to the table, to ensure food safety and the health of the people, to reduce the environmental pollution of the catering industry, and to increase the income of the catering industry.

Create biodiesel application demonstration zone to promote biodiesel

In order to promote the green transformation of petrochemical diesel, strengthen the management of smog and prevent the return of the trench oil to the table, it is recommended to create a biodiesel application demonstration zone and force the promotion of biodiesel in the demonstration zone.

Creating a demonstration zone for biodiesel applications is significant. The establishment of a demonstration zone for biodiesel applications is a practical action to implement the Biodiesel Industry Development Policy. The creation of a demonstration zone to add biodiesel to petrochemical diesel is an innovation in the green transformation of fossil energy. Adding biodiesel to petrochemical diesel is an important measure for energy conservation and emission reduction. The creation of a biodiesel application demonstration zone is a reference for the promotion of the use of the fifth phase of ethanol gasoline for vehicles. The creation of a demonstration zone requires the Ministry of Commerce to issue a business license to the biodiesel companies in the demonstration zone.

For the management of biodiesel application demonstration zone, it is recommended to adopt the “three specializations” mode: 1 Raw materials for exclusive use: According to the national biodiesel “production and sales” policy, waste oils such as waste oil should be enclosed in biodiesel plants; Tonggu oil is closed for biodiesel plants. 2 Product specialization: Biodiesel manufacturing should produce qualified biodiesel (BD100), which is qualified to meet the standard, and enter the compounding center to ensure that the biodiesel (B5) after blending meets the standards. 3 Closed area special sales: The blended biodiesel (B5) should meet the supply of closed areas and gradually expand the number of closed areas and demonstration stations.

The construction of the demonstration area is recommended in accordance with the requirements of the five requirements: namely, the collection of raw materials, the rationalization of industrial layout, the scale of mixed sales, the leading position of technical equipment, and the standardization of operation management.

It is recommended to set up biodiesel blending and sales company in the demonstration area. Break through policy limitations and share channels. It is recommended that the Energy Bureau, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Ministry of Commerce take the lead in cooperating with the existing refined oil sales enterprises (central enterprises or local state-owned enterprises) to establish a biodiesel blending company in a defined closed demonstration zone. Grant qualifications. 95%~99% of petrochemical diesel is supplied by refined oil sales companies, and biodiesel producers provide 1% to 5% of biodiesel to distribute and sell biodiesel to closed areas.

To create a demonstration zone, we should adhere to the principles of "four no disputes" and "five advantages." "Four no disputes": do not compete with people for food; do not compete with food; do not compete with other industries; do not compete with the international community for resources. "Five benefits": It is conducive to turning waste into treasure and safe for table; it is conducive to improving the control of smog and building beautiful China; it is conducive to promoting industrial restructuring, energy conservation and emission reduction; it is conducive to raising the proportion of non-fossil energy and promoting national energy security; It is conducive to farmers to get rid of poverty, promote the development of energy, agriculture and forestry, and contribute to the goal of achieving a comprehensive well-off society.

In short, in response to the increasingly serious haze weather, according to the development trend of the world biodiesel industry, the development experience of the advanced national biodiesel industry and China's "biodiesel industry development policy", it is recommended that the National Development and Reform Commission "accelerate the upgrading of refined oil quality work program" The 11 provinces and cities in the eastern region (Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Hainan) have established demonstration zones for biodiesel applications, and forced the promotion of biodiesel to promote petrochemical diesel. Green transformation.

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