Out of the misunderstanding of fertilizer application

At present, some farmers' friends still have some misunderstandings on the application of chemical fertilizers. This not only wastes manpower and material resources, reduces the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers, but also causes different degrees of damage to crops. The problems existing in the application of chemical fertilizers and the correct methods of use are briefly described as follows:

l, superficial application of ammonium bicarbonate and waterproofing. Ammonium bicarbonate is made by absorbing carbon dioxide with ammonia water, which has strong volatility and relatively poor fertilizer efficiency. If the surface is shallow, when the temperature is high, the ammonia gas will escape a lot, which will not only smother the stems and leaves of the plants, but also reduce the fertilizer efficiency. If ammonium bicarbonate is accidentally adhered to the crop, it can cause burns of varying degrees. Such as watering after fertilization, it is also easy to cause ammonia volatilization, nitrogen loss. The correct application method of ammonium bicarbonate: it is advisable to make base fertilizer and top dressing, and it is not suitable for seed fertilizer. When making the base fertilizer, the ammonium bicarbonate can be evenly spread on the surface in combination with the cultivated land, and then it is turned into the soil, and then it is turned over. When applying top dressing, ditch the deep application, apply the hole and cover the soil tightly. Deep application. The application of the hole is shallower than the superficial application, and the fertilizer utilization rate is increased by 10% to 30%; the yield is increased by about 10% compared with the water application.

2. Superficial application of urea and watering immediately after application Urea is the highest nitrogen content in solid nitrogen fertilizer. Some people think that urea has good physical properties and is not as volatile as ammonium bicarbonate. When topdressing, the surface is shallow and the soil is not tight, and even the surface is removed. In fact, this is very unscientific. Urea belongs to the acyl ammonia fertilizer. Although the urea molecule can be directly absorbed by the crop when used for root dressing, it can be absorbed and utilized by the crop after being applied to the soil through the action of soil microorganisms and converted to ammonium carbonate or ammonium hydrogencarbonate. If the surface temperature is 20 °C for 4 to 5 days and 30 °C for 2 days, it can be completely converted into ammonium carbonate (or ammonium bicarbonate). These two substances are extremely unstable and decompose on the soil surface to form free ammonia. Volatilization loss. If the amount of topdressing is large, the volatile ammonia will also infest the stems and leaves of the crop. In the case of alkaline soil, the volatilization of ammonia is more pronounced. In addition, the water is immediately poured after the urea is applied, which is also easy to cause leaching loss, so that the fertilizer efficiency is reduced. Because urea is applied to the soil and dissolved in the soil solution in a molecular state, it is not suitable to be adsorbed by the soil colloidal particles before flowing, and flows with the water. The correct application method of urea is: base fertilizer and top dressing, generally do not make seed fertilizer. Urea should be used for dry field topdressing. Corn, sorghum, millet and other crops can be applied at the time of jointing to booting, and the depth of the crop is 8 to 10 cm. Watering cannot be done immediately after fertilization. It can be watered for 2 to 3 days in the summer and 6 to 8 days in the spring. If it is applied as a seed fertilizer, it must be mixed with dry and fine, and applied to the seed at a certain distance to avoid direct contact with the seed and affect the seed germination.

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