1 The problem of using oil and fat
With the development of animal husbandry, in the process of pursuing the high effect of breeding, in order to speed up the growth of livestock and poultry, and reduce the ratio of meat to meat, the use of oil in feed is becoming more and more common. The addition of oil to livestock and poultry feed is generally based on soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil and rice bran oil, as well as the use of animal oil and table oil. Through the rational use of oil and fat, the production performance of livestock and poultry can be greatly improved, the growth rate of animals is accelerated, and the ratio of feed to meat is reduced. However, there are some disadvantages to be overcome in the process of using grease. The effect of using oil and fat in young livestock and poultry is not obvious. The main reason is that the development of digestive tract in young animals is incomplete, and the secretion of bile acid salts and lipase is insufficient to digest and absorb the oil in the feed, resulting in waste of fat in the feed. Excreted by young animals. In addition, the energy requirements of piglets during weaning are significantly higher than those of growing pigs. Therefore, if the fat in the piglet diet can be fully absorbed, the weight gain during piglet weaning will be greatly improved. In the current production practice, in order to improve livestock and poultry Growth rate and production performance, often add a lot of grease. In the late stage of broiler feed, the proportion of oil added in the diet exceeds 3%, and the fat in the diet of lactating sows can reach more than 3%. In this case of addition ratio, the oil added in the feed often fails to reach the expected value. It is because the amount of bile acid salt required for a high proportion of fat in the diet exceeds the amount that can be secreted by the livestock and poultry, so the emulsification of the oil is not thorough, and the emulsified oil does not cause diarrhea of ​​the livestock and poultry, thereby causing loss of livestock production.
2 use of emulsifier in
Solving these problems in the use of oil, increasing the digestion and absorption rate of oils, and expanding the use range and proportion of oils are important means to improve livestock production. Increasing the digestibility of fats and oils is an important means of using emulsifiers. An emulsifier is an amphoteric substance that is soluble in water and dissolved in fat. Emulsification is a process in which a liquid is placed in a liquid which is not mixed with each other, and the liquid is dispersed as a microparticle under an external force. The newly formed homogeneous mixture is called an emulsion, and the two liquids are dispersed and opaque. The substance that remains stable is called an emulsifier. The emulsifier is essentially a surfactant. After the emulsifier is added to the feed, the fat in the feed can be dissolved in the water, and the digestion and absorption properties of the oil are enhanced.
Many studies have shown that when lecithin and cephalin are added to piglet-containing diets (adding 10% of the amount of butter), the digestibility of fat in the diet is increased from 80.9% to 88.4% and 83.9%, respectively. . The addition of lecithin as an emulsifier in broiler feed can reduce the abdominal fat thickness of broilers and increase the body weight of cockroaches.
3 kinds of emulsifiers
There are more than 10 emulsifiers used at this stage, but mainly used in the food and feed industry are phospholipids, fatty acid esters and glycoside esters, and bile acid emulsifiers are also used in feed. Generally, commercial emulsifier products are not composed of a single emulsifier. In order to have better emulsifying properties, several emulsifiers may constitute emulsifiers in a suitable ratio. The composite emulsifier is an emulsifier composed of two or more kinds of surfactants, and different emulsifiers are combined with each other to enhance the water-dissolving ability of the emulsifier to the oil.
4 and Disadvantages of Different Emulsifiers
Phospholipid products are mainly used in medicine, food, cosmetics industry and feed, and there are dozens of varieties of refined lecithin, modified phospholipids, hydrogenated phospholipids, complex phospholipids, decolorized phospholipids and crude phospholipids. Further development can separate phospholipids into cephalin, inositol phospholipids and lecithin, and carry out further processing. It is characterized by good water-based properties and can function as emulsification, decomposition, stabilization, adhesion, oxidation prevention, and viscosity reduction. Its emulsification performance is higher than other types of emulsifiers, and it can promote the transportation of fat in animals. It is a substance that naturally promotes animal health. Adding phospholipids to sow diets can increase the secretion of milk and promote the growth of piglets.
As a natural emulsifier secreted by the liver of animals, bile salts can emulsify the oil that enters the digestive tract into chylomicrons, which are enzymatically hydrolyzed by contact with lipase, enter the blood of animals, and be absorbed and utilized by the body. As an exogenous emulsifier, whether the bile acid emulsifier enters the animal's digestive tract will cause the liver of the animal to feedback and inhibit the secretion of bile, which is worth considering.
The glycoside ester emulsifier is the fourth generation emulsifier, and its emulsification performance and nutritional function are better than those of the emulsifier currently on the market. At home and abroad, they are all at the development stage. Although there are products, there are not many quantities and types to be developed.
5 Summary
As a feed additive that can promote fat digestion, emulsifier can significantly promote the digestibility of energy in livestock and poultry feed, thereby increasing the growth rate of livestock and poultry, and selecting an emulsifier with good nutrition and emulsification effect, which has an important influence on the feeding effect of feed. . From the perspective of feeding effects, phospholipids and glycoside ester emulsifiers are better choices.
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