The receipt of feed ingredients into the factory is the first step in the feed production process of the feed mill, and is also an important process to ensure the continuity of production and product quality. The raw material receiving task is to transport the various raw materials required by the feed mill to the factory with certain transportation equipment, and after quality inspection, quantity weighing, primary cleaning (or no cleaning), or directly put into use.
The raw material receiving capacity must meet the production needs of the feed mill, and adopt appropriate and advanced processes and equipment to receive raw materials in time, reduce labor intensity, save energy, reduce production costs, and protect the environment.
The throughput of raw material receiving and finished product output of feed mill is large, especially the instantaneous receiving amount is large, so the receiving capacity of receiving equipment of feed mill should be large, generally 3-5 times of the production capacity of feed mill. In addition, the raw materials are in various forms (inspection, powder, bulk liquid, etc.), and the packaging forms are different (bulk, bagged, bottled, canned, etc.), which brings complexity to the receiving work of raw materials.
When the feed mill is small, it is commonly used to transport raw materials and finished products. If there is a certain scale and there are water and railway conditions, the ship and train should be fully utilized to transport materials in order to reduce transportation costs.
The receiving equipment of raw materials mainly includes scraper conveying sails, belt conveyors, screw conveyors, bucket elevators, pneumatic conveyors and some auxiliary equipment and facilities (such as weighing scales, automatic weighing scales, weighing equipment, storage and unloading platforms). , discharge pit facilities, etc.). Receiving equipment should be selected according to the holding capacity, quantity, transportation and energy consumption of raw materials. For example, scraper conveyors and screw conveyors are generally used for horizontal transport, but the former is mostly used for long distances, while the latter is preferably used for short distances. The pneumatic conveying machine is suitable for horizontal and vertical conveying of light weight materials, and is particularly suitable for the loading and unloading work of the ship d9, which has the advantages of small dust and low labor intensity, and the disadvantage is that the power consumption is large. The raw materials with large capacity are mechanically transported as well. Bucket elevators are mainly used to lift bulk materials. The conveying equipment is detailed in the fourth section of this chapter.
The scales are mostly used for weighing raw materials into the factory, and the automatic scales are suitable for weighing bulk materials. The ground balance is used for the weighing of raw materials and distribution products for automatic vehicles used in road transport-oriented feed mills. The ground injury should be placed at a high ground to prevent the ground rain from flowing into the basement. The position should be 20m away from the turning point of the car to ensure the convenience of the car.
Raw material storage silos are usually in the form of vertical silos, room silos, and the like. The vertical warehouse is mainly used for storing granular raw materials. The room warehouse is mainly used to store various packaging materials. The trace mineral raw materials and certain additives are required to be stored in small storage rooms because of their high price and high storage environment. To be stored in the original, special person to keep; for liquid feed, generally use liquid tank storage
Depending on the type of raw material received, the form of packaging, and the type of transportation used, different materials are used to receive the art. Regardless of the receiving process, the raw materials need to be checked for quality and weight. The raw material receiving process is briefly described below.
(1) Receiving of bulk vehicles
Raw materials for bulk trucks and tankers (mostly grain stems and their processing by-products) are automatically fed into the pit after being weighed and weighed (Figure 1-1). The car receiving pit should be equipped with a fence, which can protect personal safety. It can also remove large impurities. The bar grid gap is approximately 40 mm. An air hood is required at the receiving pit, and the wind speed is 1.2-1.5 m/s to reduce dust. After the raw materials are discharged into the receiving pit, they are automatically weighed by horizontal conveyor, bucket lifter and toughness clearing magnetic separator. They are sent to the silo for storage (Group l-2) or straight into the crushing bin or batching bin (no crushing powder) Shaped).
(2) Pneumatic conveying and receiving
It can extract raw materials from cars, safari and shipyards, and is especially suitable for receiving raw materials from shipyards. The pneumatic conveying device (Fig. 1-3) is composed of a suction nozzle, a material pipe, a discharge device, a gas shutoff device, a dust remover, a fan and the like. 4. Under the action of wind turbine, the suction device sucks the material from the ship's silo into the unloader. The separated material is discharged into the subsequent conveying device by the airlock. The pneumatic conveying device can be divided into two types: mobile and fixed. Generally, large-scale feed mills use fixed-type, and small-scale feed mills can be mobile. The utility model has the advantages of clean suction, less dust, simple structure, convenient operation and low labor intensity. The disadvantage is that energy consumption is higher than other mechanical transports.
(3) The bagged receiving bagged raw materials received
Manual reception and mechanical reception.
1. The manual receiving is to manually transport the bagged raw materials from the conveying tool into the warehouse, stacking, unpacking and feeding, which has high labor intensity, low production efficiency and high cost.
2. The mechanical receiving car or train transports the bagged raw materials into the factory, and is manually moved to the tape conveyor to be transported into the warehouse and stacked by machinery. Or the crane hangs the bag from the car and the ship, and then transports it into the library by the fixed tape conveyor. Mechanical receiving has high production efficiency and low labor intensity, but the investment in disposable equipment is large.
(IV) Receiving of liquid raw materials The most liquid raw materials received by the feed mill are molasses and fat. When the liquid material is received, it is required to be inspected first. · The main contents of the inspection are: color, odor, specific gravity, concentration, etc. The tested raw materials can be removed for storage. Liquid raw materials need to be shipped in drum or dance. The skimming liquid can be transported into the warehouse by the transporter or forklift. When the tanker is shipped, the tanker enters the plant and the liquid pump is pumped into the storage level by the receiving pump configured by the plant. The storage tank is equipped with a heating device, and the liquid raw material is first heated during use, and then pumped to the workshop for addition.
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