Pesticide efficacy refers to the poisoning effect of pesticides on pests or weeds. The efficacy of the insecticide can be expressed by the percentage of death of the pest after the application and the rate of death. The fungicide is not easy to check the number of dead insects, and its efficacy can be expressed by the reduction of the disease index and the decrease of the victim rate and the percentage of the population density.
Herbicide efficacy can be expressed as the percentage of weed death after application. The determination of the efficacy of the drug is generally carried out after the indoor virulence test proves effective, and then the field plot test is carried out.
On the basis of the community test, it is proved that several varieties with good efficacy can be tested in a large area to further affirm its efficacy and promotion value. How can I buy a good pesticide in the current complex pesticide market? Let me introduce how to identify the efficacy of pesticides today.
Pharmacodynamic identification
l, emulsion pesticide efficacy identification method
(1) observation: found pesticide bottle precipitation, flocculation stratification phenomenon, this vial may be placed in hot water, standing for 1 hour, the precipitate if decomposition, flocculation disappeared, indicating pesticidally effective. Otherwise, pesticide failure can no longer be achieved.
(2) Shaking method: stratification occurs in the pesticide bottle, the lower layer of the upper layer of oil slicks, the medicine bottle can be shaken vigorously, and the two layers are mixed and allowed to stand for 1 hour. If it is still layered, it proves that the pesticide has deteriorated. If the delamination disappears, the pesticide has not expired and can be used.
2, powder pesticide efficacy identification method
(1) Suspension method: Take 50 g of powder pesticide, put it in a glass bottle, add a little water to make a paste, and add an appropriate amount of water to stir evenly. After 10-20 minutes, the good pesticide powder is fine, the precipitation is slow and less; the pesticide powder is coarse and the precipitation is much faster.
(2) Observation method: If the powder pesticide has agglomerated, it is not easy to decompose, and it proves that it has failed and can no longer be used.
3, wettable powder pesticide efficacy identification method
(1) Lightly sprinkle a small amount of pesticide on the ground with water. If the pesticide does not dissolve after 1 minute, it means that it has failed.
(2) Sprinkle 1 gram of pesticide into 1 cup of water and mix well. If the sedimentation speed is fast, the liquid level. It is translucent, indicating that the pesticide has failed and should not be used.
How to give full play to the efficacy of pesticides should focus on the following seven aspects:
First, choose the appropriate pesticide
1. The types of pesticides are different, and the scope of use and the objects to be controlled are different. Even a broad-spectrum pesticide is not effective for all pests and diseases. Insecticides cannot cure diseases, and fungicides cannot kill insects.
2. Insect mouthparts are different, and the types of pesticides used are also different. The pests of the chewing mouthparts are contact agents or stomach poisons, and the insecticides of the sucking mouthparts are preferred.
3, according to the characteristics of crops and pests and diseases, such as dichlorvos can not be used to control sorghum, because it will cause phytotoxicity to sorghum.
Second, timely medication
Timely medication is the key to success. Accurate prediction and forecasting, mastering the dynamics of pests and diseases, can determine the prevention and treatment period, and only when the favorable opportunity is seized can the best effect of pesticides be exerted.
Third, accurately grasp the amount of medication
According to the instructions on the pesticide label, according to the characteristics of the pests and diseases, the growth period of the crops and the method of administration to determine the concentration of the liquid, the dosage per unit area and the number of application times, in order to achieve a good control effect.
If the concentration is too low or the dosage is too small, there is not enough medicine per unit area, and the expected effect will not be achieved. If the concentration is too high or the dosage is too large, it will cause phytotoxicity, increase the cost, and increase the resistance of the pests and diseases. Generated and enhanced.
Fourth, pay attention to the method of application
In order to avoid environmental pollution and protect the safety of natural enemies and crops, it is necessary to pay attention to the application method.
1. Different drug properties and dosage forms, different application methods. Powder can not be sprayed, wettable powder can not be sprayed.
2. The ways in which pests and diseases are transmitted are different, and the methods of application are different. To control underground pests, it is necessary to adopt a method of applying poisonous valleys, poison baits, poisonous soils or seed dressing: to prevent the spread of airborne diseases, powder spraying and spraying methods should be adopted; for the prevention and treatment of seed-borne diseases, seed treatment methods should be adopted.
Fifth, see the weather medication
Changes in climatic conditions affect both the physical and chemical properties of the agent and the physiological activities of the subject, thereby affecting the efficacy. High temperature can improve the efficacy of the drug, but it is easy to produce phytotoxicity, and the amount of application should be appropriately reduced.
6. Rational application of pesticides
The combination of different pesticides should be carried out scientifically and rationally. The advantages of this are:
1. Expand the scope of prevention and treatment. One dose can prevent multiple pests and diseases that occur at the same time.
2. After mixing the chemicals, the physical properties and chemical properties of the agent can be improved, and the effect of prevention and treatment can be improved.
3. Prevent pests and germs from developing resistance. (4) Saving manpower, material resources, financial resources, and economical drugs.
However, there are many kinds of pesticides and their properties are different. Whether or not different types of pesticides can be mixed depends mainly on their chemical and physical properties. According to its reaction in water, pesticides can be roughly divided into three categories: neutral, acidic and alkaline.
Neutral pesticides include various synthetic pesticides (such as 1605, dichlorvos, dimethoate), various plant pesticides and some inorganic pesticides; acidic pesticides such as copper sulfate; alkaline pesticides such as stone sulfur, etc.; There is no physical or chemical change between acidic pesticides, which can be mixed;
Neutral pesticides and alkaline pesticides can be mixed; all pesticides that are easily decomposed under alkaline conditions cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides. After the pesticides are mixed, the emulsions are destroyed, precipitation is formed, and phytotoxicity to crops cannot be mixed.
7. Alternate use of pesticides
Alternate application of pesticides can avoid the occurrence of drug resistance or reduce the resistance of pests and diseases, and improve the control effect.
More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network
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