High-temperature operation of the environment on the body's hazards

High-temperature operation is an occupational hazard. It refers to the operation under high temperature of 33°C-35°C or the presence of high humidity, operation under strong heat radiation, or outdoor operation in summer. Due to the fact that there are productive heat sources in workplaces in the enterprise and service industries, when the actual outdoor temperature reaches the outdoor summer ventilation design calculation temperature in the region, the operation temperature is higher than the outdoor air temperature by 2°C or 2°C, which is called high temperature operation.

High-temperature operation types are generally divided into three types: intense heat radiation high temperature operation, high temperature and high humidity operation, and summer open air operation. Most industrial industries (metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, furnace shops) and papermaking, instrument manufacturing, thermal power plants, cement production, ship boiler operations, etc. all involve high-temperature operations.

During high-temperature operation, the human body will experience a series of physiological changes that can be gradually accommodated within the scope of the human body's ability to withstand, but beyond the tolerance range and without any personal protection (such as wearing thermal insulation clothing, high temperature hoods, etc.) , it will produce serious consequences such as disease. The specific high-temperature environment operations have the following physical hazards:

1. The human body's heat balance

The body's thermal balance is the state in which the body's heat production and heat dissipation are relatively balanced. The body maintains a constant body temperature, which is very important for maintaining normal metabolic and physiological functions. The relationship between heat production and heat dissipation can determine whether the body can maintain heat balance or whether there is an increase in heat accumulation in the body.

2. Body temperature increases with the ambient temperature

When operating in a high-temperature operating environment, the body temperature tends to increase to varying degrees, and the skin temperature can also rise rapidly. In a high-temperature environment, the human body maintains normal body temperature, and body heat is never enhanced by regulating body temperature through the use of surface blood vessel reflex expansion and increased sweat secretion.

3. Water and salt metabolism

When you are engaged in physical labor at high temperatures, the amount of perspiration is greatly increased, and the main constituents of sweat are water, inorganic salts and vitamins, so a lot of sweating has a significant effect on the body's water and salt metabolism. When the lost water is not supplemented in time, symptoms such as weakness, rapid pulse, imbalance of water and salt, etc. will occur, which will reduce work efficiency.

4. Digestive system

When working under high temperature conditions, the blood in the body is redistributed, the blood vessels in the skin dilate, and the visceral vasculature in the abdominal cavity is contracted. This causes anemia in the digestive tract and may reduce the secretion of digestive fluids, resulting in loss of appetite, indigestion, and other gastrointestinal diseases. Due to the accelerated emptying of the stomach in a high temperature environment, the food in the stomach cannot be fully digested.

5. Circulatory system

Under high temperature conditions, due to excessive sweating, blood concentration, high blood pressure at the same time, blood vessels to expand, peripheral blood circulation increases, coupled with the needs of labor, muscle blood flow also increased, these factors can make tachycardia, and stroke Decreased cardiac output increased the burden on the heart and blood pressure also changed.

6. Nervous system

Under the influence of high temperature and heat radiation, the excitability of the regulatory center of the cerebral cortex increases, and due to negative induction, the central nervous system's motor function is inhibited. Therefore, the muscle working ability, the accuracy of motion, the coordination, the reaction speed and the attention are all Reduced, prone to accidents at work.

In addition, the long-term operation in high-temperature environment leads to an increased burden on the kidneys themselves, which reduces the body's tolerance to the toxic effects of chemicals, and makes the toxicants more toxic to the body. At the same time, the high temperature also reduces the body's immune system and resistance to disease. decline. The human body can cause central nervous system or cardiovascular system disorders due to heat balance or water and salt metabolism disorders in a high temperature environment, resulting in heat stroke.

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