In agricultural production, fertilization is an indispensable link. However, because some farmers' friends do not understand the nature of chemical fertilizers, there are some wrong practices in the application process, resulting in low utilization rate of fertilizers and even causing fertilizer damage to crops, resulting in reduced yields. To apply this science, the following problems should be noted:
1, seed dressing. When using calcium perphosphate for seed dressing, since calcium phosphate contains 3.5% to 5% of free acid, seed dressing will reduce seed germination rate and emergence rate, so seed fertilizer should be applied under the seed or side 8~ At 10 cm, the fertilizer is isolated. When using superphosphate as a top dressing, it should be ditched deep.
2. Master the methods and concentrations. Urea and ammonium bicarbonate are applied to the surface. Urea has a high nitrogen content, but it must be converted into ammonium nitrogen after being applied to the soil to be absorbed and utilized by crops. At the same time, urea is in a molecular state during conversion, is not adsorbed by soil, and is easily lost with soil and water, making crops difficult to use.
Urea is used as a top dressing, and the ditch should be applied to cover the soil. For foliar fertilizer application, the application concentration should be mastered. Spraying corn should be carried out at a concentration of 0.8% to 1%, and vegetables should be 0.3% to 0.5%. Ammonium bicarbonate is applied on the surface, which is easy to volatilize, and the volatile ammonia will smother the stems and leaves of the crop and cause fat damage. The correct method should be applied about 10 cm deep, and the soil should be covered immediately after application.
3. Pay attention to the complementary effects of fertilizers.
1 Single application of potassium fertilizer. Potassium sulphate and potassium chloride are weakly physiologically acidic. After being applied to the soil, potassium ions are easily absorbed by the cations of the soil colloid, and the crop is difficult to use. Therefore, the application of potassium fertilizer should be mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, especially in the mountainous areas, infertile land and newly-opened wasteland, and should be mixed with phosphate fertilizer, so as to fully exert the effects of potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
2 Chasing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers have slow fertilizer efficiency, short-term fertilizer application, and are used for topdressing, especially in the late stage of crop growth, which has low utilization rate and poor effect. Therefore, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer and mixed with organic fertilizer, or applied as seed fertilizer. In this way, the fertilizer is gradually precipitated for the use of crops, and the fertilizer effect is long, which is favorable for the stable growth of crops without premature aging.
4. Pay attention to antagonism. Zinc fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer mixed application. There is a serious "antagonism" effect between zinc sulphate and superphosphate. The combined application of the two will inhibit the effect of zinc sulphate and reduce its effectiveness. Therefore, the phosphate fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer in the seedling stage, or the zinc fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer, and the phosphate fertilizer can be used as the top dressing in the seedling stage to increase the fertilizer efficiency.
5. Pay attention to the tolerance of crops. Some crops belong to the avoidance of chlorine crops, such as watermelons and other chlorine-removing crops. If ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and other chloride-containing fertilizers are applied, the sugar content of watermelons will decrease due to the action of chloride ions, which will affect the yield and quality. Therefore, when fertilizing, Care should be taken to consider the tolerance of the crop.
1, seed dressing. When using calcium perphosphate for seed dressing, since calcium phosphate contains 3.5% to 5% of free acid, seed dressing will reduce seed germination rate and emergence rate, so seed fertilizer should be applied under the seed or side 8~ At 10 cm, the fertilizer is isolated. When using superphosphate as a top dressing, it should be ditched deep.
2. Master the methods and concentrations. Urea and ammonium bicarbonate are applied to the surface. Urea has a high nitrogen content, but it must be converted into ammonium nitrogen after being applied to the soil to be absorbed and utilized by crops. At the same time, urea is in a molecular state during conversion, is not adsorbed by soil, and is easily lost with soil and water, making crops difficult to use.
Urea is used as a top dressing, and the ditch should be applied to cover the soil. For foliar fertilizer application, the application concentration should be mastered. Spraying corn should be carried out at a concentration of 0.8% to 1%, and vegetables should be 0.3% to 0.5%. Ammonium bicarbonate is applied on the surface, which is easy to volatilize, and the volatile ammonia will smother the stems and leaves of the crop and cause fat damage. The correct method should be applied about 10 cm deep, and the soil should be covered immediately after application.
3. Pay attention to the complementary effects of fertilizers.
1 Single application of potassium fertilizer. Potassium sulphate and potassium chloride are weakly physiologically acidic. After being applied to the soil, potassium ions are easily absorbed by the cations of the soil colloid, and the crop is difficult to use. Therefore, the application of potassium fertilizer should be mixed with nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, especially in the mountainous areas, infertile land and newly-opened wasteland, and should be mixed with phosphate fertilizer, so as to fully exert the effects of potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer.
2 Chasing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizers have slow fertilizer efficiency, short-term fertilizer application, and are used for topdressing, especially in the late stage of crop growth, which has low utilization rate and poor effect. Therefore, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer and mixed with organic fertilizer, or applied as seed fertilizer. In this way, the fertilizer is gradually precipitated for the use of crops, and the fertilizer effect is long, which is favorable for the stable growth of crops without premature aging.
4. Pay attention to antagonism. Zinc fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer mixed application. There is a serious "antagonism" effect between zinc sulphate and superphosphate. The combined application of the two will inhibit the effect of zinc sulphate and reduce its effectiveness. Therefore, the phosphate fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer in the seedling stage, or the zinc fertilizer should be used as the base fertilizer, and the phosphate fertilizer can be used as the top dressing in the seedling stage to increase the fertilizer efficiency.
5. Pay attention to the tolerance of crops. Some crops belong to the avoidance of chlorine crops, such as watermelons and other chlorine-removing crops. If ammonium chloride, potassium chloride and other chloride-containing fertilizers are applied, the sugar content of watermelons will decrease due to the action of chloride ions, which will affect the yield and quality. Therefore, when fertilizing, Care should be taken to consider the tolerance of the crop.
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