The ceiling is originally to add luster to the home, but if it has a cracking problem, it will have the opposite effect. Ceiling cracking is a relatively common phenomenon. Today, Xiaobian will talk to you about the reasons for cracking, preventive measures and crack treatment methods.
Part1: Full analysis of the reasons for the cracking of the ceiling
The ceiling is a place where cracks are more likely to occur, and many renovated owners should have this problem. Then why is the ceiling easy to crack? There are many reasons, so let’s take a look at it in detail.
First, the construction materials are not off
Suspended material quality problems cause cracking
Skeleton material
If the quality of the skeleton material does not meet the requirements, it will directly affect the firmness of the entire skeleton, which is an important reason for the cracking and deformation of the ceiling. For example, if the rigidity and straightness of the keel and the boom are insufficient, internal stress will be generated, and the gypsum board will inevitably undergo deformation and cracking during the release of the internal stress.
Cladding material
The commonly used cladding material is a gypsum board which is closely fixed with the keel by high-strength self-tapping screws. If the gypsum board does not meet the quality requirements, the gypsum board and the keel cannot be firmly fixed, when there is an external force. When the gypsum board joints are sheared, the joints are cracked.
Caulking material
Caulking materials include seam tapes and caulking putty. Seams are required to have good adhesion and strength. The caulking putty not only requires good strength and cohesiveness, but also has certain toughness and good construction performance. If these properties are not achieved, cracks will inevitably occur.
Suspender
The boom itself is bent. After being installed for a period of time, under the gravity of the plate, it is gradually straightened, causing uneven sag of the keel and gypsum board surface, causing cracks at the joint.
There are many materials used in ceiling construction. If there is a problem with the material, the ceiling will naturally be more prone to problems. The ceiling material listed in the above table may cause the ceiling to crack.
Second, the installation and construction is not standardized
When the keel and gypsum board of the ceiling are not installed properly, stress will be generated, and the generated stress will be slowly released after the completion of the ceiling project. When the stress is greater than the tightening force, cracks will occur in the joints of the gypsum board.
1. The hanger is not installed properly.
When installing the boom, pull the bolt to fix the boom without correctly releasing the thread; when installing the keel, when the boom is found to be improperly positioned, instead of reinstalling the boom, the boom is bent, so that the keel is stressed. , to bury the hidden danger in the future ceiling.
2. The plasterboard is improperly fixed.
When installing the gypsum board, if there is no installation specification from the middle to the four sides of the screw, but from the four sides of the screw at the same time, then the gypsum board will also generate stress, if the stress is large enough, it will also cause cracking; in addition, if fixed Gypsum board screws are too large or some screws are in the correct position, but if they are not fastened, they will also cause cracking.
3, moisture treatment is not in place
If the wooden keel is used, when the moisture-proof treatment is not completed, the wood is more susceptible to moisture deformation, which causes the ceiling to crack. In addition, the gypsum board is also relatively easy to get wet. When the mounting screws are fixed, if the drilling is inadvertent, the board is cracked, so that the gypsum board is more easily deformed, resulting in cracks on the ceiling surface.
4, improper putty process
If the interface between the gypsum board and the wall, wood splint, etc., is not properly treated, it will easily lead to cracking of the joint putty. For example, if the putty is too fast, the seam is too long, the putty solidifies too slowly, and the putty layer is too thick, cracks may occur.
Third, the finished product protection is not in place
When the ceiling foundation project is completed, there may be other work processes. If the work of coordination is uncoordinated, chaotic work, mutual interference, and the savage construction of the subsequent process, it is easier to cause the ceiling to crack. For example, when opening the lamp hole, there is no protective measure, causing the ceiling to vibrate and causing cracks to appear. In addition, after the daily maintenance and repair of the hidden pipes and equipment inside the ceiling, if there is no standard operation, it is easy to cause the deformation of the keel or the damage of the facing, causing the ceiling to crack.
Part2: Preventive measures for ceiling cracking of the right medicine
As the saying goes, to find the cause, you can prescribe the right medicine. We have already introduced the reasons that may cause the ceiling cracking. Let's take a look at how to take targeted measures to reduce the probability of ceiling cracking.
First, the construction materials should be cautious
1, ceiling frame material selection
When using light steel keel skeleton material, strictly according to design requirements and national standard light steel, when selecting wood as keel, the moisture content should not exceed the standard. The specifications of keel should be strictly selected and should not be too small.
2, ceiling veneer gypsum board selection
At present, the gypsum board on the market has various types such as ordinary type, waterproof type, fireproof type, high strength, etc. When the ceiling is designed, it can be selected according to different use requirements, different regions and construction seasons. Nowadays, the quality of the gypsum board in the decoration market is not good. The gypsum board with good quality produced by the big manufacturers should be used with high strength, good toughness, uniform foaming, full edge forming, and cracks from the material. problem.
In addition, there are two varieties of gypsum board on the market with a thickness of 9mm and a thickness of 12mm. Many people like to use the ordinary gypsum board with a thickness of 9mm to make the ceiling, but because the thick 9mm plain gypsum board is relatively thin and the strength is not high, it is easy to be deformed under the rainy and humid conditions. It is recommended to use the plaster of 12mm or more. board. At the same time, the use of thicker sheets is also an effective means of preventing joint cracking.
Second, the installation and construction should be standardized
1. Hanger installation specification
The distance between the booms should be controlled within 1200mm. In the construction, the distance between the fixed points of the booms should be equal. The boom should be on the same axis as the gravity direction. If there is no fixed position of the boom in the place with obstacles, the steel structure bridge bracket must be designed to ensure the reasonable distribution of the distance between the booms. At the same time, all the ceiling frames and keel panels in the construction must not be flanged or suspended from the pipeline equipment. Spaces must be left at the joints of the ribs, brackets, etc. to prevent resonance damage.
2, dragon skeleton installation specification
The distance between the main keels of the suspended ceiling must be controlled within 1000mm, and the distance between the boom and the end of the main keel should not exceed 300mm. When it is greater than 300mm, the boom should be added. The horizontal lap joint of the auxiliary keel must be firm, and the top of the hand should not be loose when inspected. The overlap gap of the auxiliary keel shall not exceed 2mm. Construction must be carried out in strict accordance with the drawings and specifications, and the distance between the keel and the hanging ribs shall not be increased at will. The installed skeleton must be in a state of no stress, no virtual suspension, virtual hanging phenomenon, and the overall keel frame is level.
3, gypsum board installation specification Gypsum board interface needs to be installed horizontal keel, not allowed to hang at the interface plate. If horizontal seams cannot be avoided, the seams should be misplaced, and the horizontal joints of the partition walls should be staggered and should not fall on the same keel. The strength properties and deformation of the gypsum board are determined by the direction. The performance of the longitudinal direction of the board is superior to that of the lateral direction. Therefore, the longitudinal direction of the plasterboard is not allowed to be parallel to the keel of the cladding, and should be perpendicular to the keel. This is to prevent deformation and Important measures for seam cracking.
4, fillet putty batch scraping specifications
A gap of 5-8 mm should be left between the base plate and the base plate. The gaps and chamfered positions are mainly used to fill enough fine pitch putty to make the whole base layer integrated. The caulking should be as late as possible, try to let it dry out, and then attach the suture tape. The volume will shrink due to the dryness of the putty of the slurry-filled panel. In order to avoid the dry and hard shrinkage of the putty after filling, the seam is cracked. It is required to carry out the filling putty construction twice. After the second putty is dry and hard, the mesh or kraft paper is pasted, and the mesh or kraft paper is all bonded and hardened before it can be covered with ash.
Third, the finished product protection work is done
In order to avoid the phenomenon that the ceiling is cracked due to vibration, it is necessary to ensure that the opening position of the lamp and the tuyere is not at the position of the keel, and the phenomenon of cracks in the panel caused by the smallpox vibration caused by the cutting of the keel of the lamp opening is reduced. In addition, the opening work of the lamp hole, the tuyere and the inspection port must be completed before the caulking to eliminate the cracking of the ceiling due to vibration.
Part3: Full description of the treatment method for ceiling cracking cracks
The front is about the cause of the cracking of the ceiling, and how to reduce the probability of cracking the ceiling from all aspects before the decoration. In reality, many of them found the ceiling crack after they checked in. So what should I do with the cracked ceiling?
First, analyze the causes of cracks
As mentioned above, there are many reasons for cracking the ceiling, and the repair methods for cracks caused by different reasons are different. Therefore, after cracks appear, you should first analyze how the cracks are generated, find out the problematic fittings, and then formulate a rest program, not blind construction. Otherwise, it may fall into a vicious cycle of cracking and filling.
Second, the crack on the surface of the paint surface
If only linear, polygonal or irregular cracks are formed on the ceiling paint film, the problem is not serious. The reason may be that the coating is too thick or not dry, the substrate is too loose or rough, and the primer is not compatible with the topcoat.
Remedial measures: Remove the affected paint film; ensure that the paint film is not too thick at one time; ensure that the front paint film is dry before recoating; if necessary, seal the substrate with a suitable primer; for substrates with large roughness, it is recommended Use flexible products; when the substrate temperature is lower than 5 °C, do not apply latex paint; primer and topcoat should be matched.
Third, the ceiling crack caused by temperature changes
If it is caused by temperature changes, it usually appears on the surface and will not affect the safety of the ceiling.
The gap is not large: if the surface gap is not large, it is recommended to put a layer of kraft paper on the gap and then brush the finish paint.
Wide gap: If the surface gap is wide, it is best to cut a piece of gypsum board, sand it into a suitable shape, fill it in the gap, and then brush the finish.
4. Ceiling cracking caused by improper construction, etc.
If the ceiling is cracked due to improper installation and construction of the ceiling frame and gypsum board, then the repair should be done from the inspection of the keel and the quality of the base layer. However, the next step is not to simply use the putty to make up the effect, but to open several seams on the keel near the original seam and repair it at the same time, in order to eliminate the deformation under the internal stress.
If the problem is serious, the original ceiling panel surface has been deformed, wet and damaged, and the demolition area should be appropriately expanded. After the keel is leveled, the new panel should be replaced, and the area should be paved according to the size of the area, and the subsequent repair of the working surface should be completed according to the normal construction steps. jobs.
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