Foamed concrete is widely used in energy-saving wall materials because of its good characteristics, and has also been applied in other aspects. At present, the application of foam concrete in China is mainly the roofing foam concrete insulation layer cast-in-place, foam concrete surface block, foam concrete lightweight wall board, foam concrete compensation foundation. However, by making full use of the good characteristics of foam concrete, it can be expanded in the application field of construction engineering, speed up the progress of the project and improve the quality of the project, as follows:
(1) Used as a retaining wall. Mainly used as a rock wall for the port. The use of foam concrete as a lightweight backfill material behind the shore wall reduces vertical load and reduces lateral loads on the shore wall. This is because foam concrete is a rigid body with good bonding properties. It does not apply lateral pressure along the peripheral wall, the settlement is reduced, and the maintenance cost is reduced, thereby saving a lot of expenses. Foamed concrete can also be used to improve the stability of the embankment slope. It is used to replace part of the slope soil, which reduces the force that affects the stability of the slope due to the reduced mass.
(2) Construction of sports grounds and athletic track. The permeable malleable foam concrete with high drainage capacity is used as a lightweight foundation covered with gravel or artificial turf for use as a sports field. The density of foam concrete is 800-900kg/m3. Such sports fields can be used for hockey, football and tennis. Or a foamed concrete layer with a 0.05m thick porous asphalt layer and plastic layer can be used for track and field runways.
(3) As a sandwich member. Foamed concrete can be used as the inner core in the prefabricated reinforced concrete members, which makes it have good performance of light and high heat insulation. Foamed concrete with a density of 400 - 600 kg/m3 is usually used.
(4) Pipeline backfilling. Underground oil tanks, pipelines (with crude oil, chemicals), sewage pipes and other holes can easily lead to fires or landslides. Backfilling with foam concrete can solve these problems and cost less. The density of foam concrete depends on the diameter of the pipe and the water table, which is generally 600-1100kg/m3.
(5) Lean concrete filling. Due to the use of flexible hoses, foam concrete has great workability and adaptability, so it is often used in lean concrete filling. If the insulation requirements are not very high, a lean concrete filling with a density of about 1200kg/m3 is used, and the average thickness is 0.05m. If the insulation is very high, a low-cost concrete filling with a density of 500kg/m3 is used. The average thickness is 0.1-0.2m.
(6) Roof slope. Foam concrete is used for roof slopes and has the advantages of light weight, fast construction speed and low price. The slope is generally 10 mm/m. The thickness is 0.03-0.2 m, and foam concrete having a density of 800 - 1200 kg/m3 is used.
(7) Support for the bottom of the tank. The foam concrete is cast on the bottom of the foot of the steel storage tank (with crude oil, chemicals), and if necessary, a convex foundation can be formed, which ensures that the support of the entire bottom of the tank is in an optimal stress state during welding. A continuous support allows the tank to be used as a thin bottom. At the same time, the convex foundation is also easy to clean. Foamed concrete is used at a density of 800-1000 kg/m3.
(8) Landscaping applications. The foamed cement is made into a bulk density of 600-1000kg/m3 and can be used as a handrail, rockery, stool, table, etc. in the garden.
(9) On-site pouring of the wall: Foamed concrete is foamed and poured on site for use as a non-load-bearing wall of the building, which has changed the way of prefabricated block masonry walls. The wall has good integrity, simple construction, low labor intensity and low cost. At the same time, it has the advantages of light weight, thermal insulation, waterproof and anti-seepage, etc. It is a substitute for the traditional wall.
(10) Others. Foamed concrete can also be used for insulation filling of firewalls, sound insulation floor filling, tunnel liner backfilling, and isolation of power supply and water pipelines.
(11) Thermal insulation application
The interior of the foam concrete contains a large number of closed pores, and the air that does not flow in the pores is a good heat insulating medium, which can cut off heat exchange. The lower the density, the more pores, and the better the heat insulation. In particular, foamed concrete having a density of less than 500 kg/m? has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.09 w/mk. A material having a thermal conductivity lower than 0.23 is generally referred to as a thermal insulating material, and a thermal insulating material lower than 0.14 is referred to as an insulating material. Foamed concrete is mostly below 0.14, and most of them are below 0.09, so it is a good thermal insulation material.
(12) Building insulation application
Building insulation is the main application area of ​​foam concrete, and currently accounts for 80% of the total output of foam concrete for building insulation. Its good thermal insulation performance and building energy-saving policies have prompted it to start large-scale applications in the field of building insulation. At present, the focus of development and application has begun to shift to the wall. The next round of application boom will be mainly self-insulating walls. Various foam blocks, foam wall panels, foam cast-in-place walls, various composite structural exterior insulation boards have been launched in various places, and its large-scale production application has begun. From the national perspective as a whole, the application of foam concrete in building insulation has been developed from the initial stage to the comprehensive promotion and application stage, and application peaks will appear within 3 to 5 years.
If all the foam insulation is applied to the building insulation, including the roof insulation layer, the wall insulation layer, and the floor insulation layer (or cushion), it is equivalent to wrapping the whole house with foam concrete. The floor area of ​​a square meter needs about 0.2m?~0.5 m? foam concrete (the roof, the ground and the four walls are all calculated with 5cm insulation), and a building with a building area of ​​10,000 square meters requires 2000m?~5000m? If new buildings and original energy-saving renovations in the country are made of foam concrete, the demand will be astronomical.
(13) Pipe and thermal equipment insulation
At present, China's thermal pipelines and thermal equipment demand for insulation materials is 2.5 million m? / year, only one power plant needs insulation materials 20,000-50,000 m?, northern winter heating pipelines and factory thermal pipeline insulation materials The demand is even more amazing. The current leading product, mineral wool-based inorganic fiber, makes people's skin itchy, absorbent, and expensive, and it is urgently needed to be replaced. Foam concrete will also make a difference in this respect. Around 1957, China used Soviet technology to produce 60,000 m? foam concrete heat pipe insulation casing for thermal pipe insulation of Dalian Power Plant and Fengfeng Power Plant. After the Sino-Soviet relationship deteriorated, production ceased. This indicates that foamed concrete is feasible to replace inorganic fiber cotton. At present, foam concrete has not been applied in this field and is in urgent need of development.
The main products of thermal pipe insulation are prefabricated pipe insulation shells and profiled materials, as well as insulation panels.
(14) Cold storage insulation
The cold storage is now made of foam. Because foams are aging and shrinking and flammable, developed countries have changed to foam concrete pouring or masonry insulation, and China has begun to replace it. The main use of the overall cast-in-place, roofing, wall, ground all foam concrete cast-in-place, no cold bridge, no gaps.
(15) Industrial furnace kiln insulation
Its main products are fire-resistant insulation bricks.
Large-scale industrial furnaces such as steel plants, glass factories, ceramic factories, non-ferrous metal smelters, cement calcining kiln, etc., in order to reduce energy consumption, a layer of thermal insulation refractory bricks should be built on the outside of the refractory bricks. Originally used more floating beads bricks, alumina foam bricks, the price is extremely high, China has begun to replace high-priced traditional products with foam concrete refractory bricks, the price is less than half, very competitive.
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