U.S. researchers have developed a flexible hole material to solve the low-pressure and room-temperature storage problems of gas fuels, help extend the range of natural gas-powered vehicles, and reduce pressure deployment requirements for gas stations.
This material contains "metal-organic framework" (MOF), which is composed of inorganic metal units and organic ligands. Cobalt and iron atoms are scattered throughout the entire structure. Dibutyl Phthalate is used as the linking site. When the volume expands, the number of cavities increases. When the volume is reduced, cavities almost completely disappear.
Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, in the British journal Nature, reported that in the first experiments, only the pressure generated by household compressors (equivalent to 35 to 36 times the atmospheric pressure) was used to pump methane, the main component of natural gas. The flexible MOF material expands and adsorbs this gas. Conversely, if methane is released and used to drive a vehicle engine, this flexible material will shrink.
Fuel storage problems hinder the promotion of natural gas or hydrogen-powered vehicles. The motivation for setting this issue is that natural gas is cheaper and cleaner than gasoline or diesel. However, the compressed natural gas tank pressure is 250 atmospheres, and the liquid natural gas storage temperature is minus 162 degrees Celsius. In addition, within the same fuel tank volume, the energy density of compressed natural gas is at most one-third of the energy density of gasoline, and the former's endurance capacity is obviously insufficient.
Food coloring is a kind of pigment, that is, a Food Additive that can be eaten by a proper amount to change the original color to a certain extent.
Food coloring is also divided into natural and synthetic as well as food flavor.
Colorants can be classified into synthetic colorants and natural colorants by source.
According to the solubility of the coloring agent: it can be divided into a fat-soluble coloring agent and a water-soluble coloring agent.
Natural pigments are mostly made from naturally colored plants. These colored plant components, skin, shell, leaf, slag, etc. are often used for comprehensive utilization. It is also made from animals, such as lac dye (cochineal pigment), as well as microbes, such as monascus pigments. In addition to the caramel color, the caramel color is obtained by heating and coking the sugar substance at a high temperature, and is mostly extracted with water or a related solution, further refined, and concentrated and dried. There are also direct application of the colored plant components by drying and pulverizing. It is also produced by biotechnological methods such as tissue culture. There is a method of artificial chemical synthesis to obtain natural-identical colours such as β-carotene, which is chemically stronger than general synthetic pigments.
Natural pigments such as microbial pigments, plant pigments, and mineral pigments extracted from animal and plant tissues and minerals, among which edible foods are called natural food colorings. It is widely used in medicines and foods, and it is allowed to use shellac pigment, safflower yellow pigment, beet red, capsanthin, red yeast rice, turmeric, β-carotene, copper chlorophyllin sodium salt, sauce color and the like. When using food coloring, its color, taste and smell should be coordinated with natural objects or habits.
Edible synthetic pigments generally have bright color, strong coloring power, good stability, no odor and tasteless, uniform quality, easy to dissolve and color, and low cost, and are widely used for coloring of candy, cake color and soft drinks. Lakes are widely used in the manufacture of confectionery, fat-based foods and food packaging materials. Although edible natural pigments can be widely used for coloring a variety of foods, generally the coloring power and stability are not as good as the consumption of synthetic pigments, and the cost is high. Inorganic Pigments are rarely used, and are mostly limited to food surface coloring.
Natural Edible Pigment, Edible Pigment, Good effect Edible Pigment, Low dosage Edible Pigment, Stable Edible Pigment
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