In recent days, in response to the problem of subsidy flow of “energy-saving products benefiting the people projectâ€, the media has reported the problem of “falsification and fraudâ€. Some enterprises have the level of fraud, virtual standard energy efficiency, false report sales, and the sales volume. The degree is indeed shocking. Some manufacturers and dealers colluded to make fraud, some consumers use the "home appliance trade-in policy", "pick up" used home appliances, defrauding state subsidies. The energy-saving Huimin project may be a feast for some degree.
The scams clearly reflect a series of problems such as the current non-standardization of China's energy-saving market, imperfect policy formulation, low corporate reputation, and weak energy-saving awareness.
First of all, from the perspective of policy formulation, the unreasonable subsidy method and poor supervision are the most direct causes of the phenomenon of “false fraudâ€.
The international community has implemented a policy of financial subsidies for the promotion of energy-saving products. The United States, Britain, France, Japan, South Korea, Australia and other countries have adopted financial subsidies to promote high-efficiency energy-saving products. International experience shows that reasonable financial subsidies can effectively guide the production behavior of enterprises, household and individual consumption behavior, and facilitate the implementation of emission reduction. China started the “Energy Conservation and Benefits Projectâ€, and its starting point is to promote the energy conservation and emission reduction strategy by subsidizing policies, expanding the market share of energy efficient products.
So where is the problem? China's "energy-saving and benefit-ministership" subsidy is a form of indirect subsidy, that is, the government issues subsidies to enterprises, and then transfers them to consumers, which in itself leaves room for operation for manufacturers and distributors. The US government also adopts a cash subsidy method for consumers to purchase “Energy Star†products. There are two types of subsidies. The first method is that consumers only need to submit the basic data and purchase vouchers of the purchased products to the project responsible department. Can receive subsidy funds. The second way is that if the seller of the product purchased by the user has an agreement with the unit that carries out the cash subsidy project, the consumer can obtain the cash subsidy directly from the seller when purchasing the product.
China's subsidy method is similar to the second US method. But the difference is that this kind of subsidy in China is carried out in the absence of a strict supervision system. In terms of new energy vehicles, the state has not tested or tested the fuel consumption standards, and it has not been tested and tested by any third-party organizations. It is based on the fuel consumption standards reported by the enterprises themselves. If the sales, installation and user information of energy-saving products are entered into the information management system of “energy-saving products for the benefit of the peopleâ€, the state has no practical verification methods. For the promotion enterprises that violate the law and regulations, although the state has given punishment according to the plot, the biggest strength of punishment is to cancel the promotion qualification, and it is impossible to form a substantial constraint on the enterprise. Under the favorable opportunity of policy loopholes, weak supervision, and unrestricted punishment, it is inevitable that enterprises will “falsely report fraudâ€.
Secondly, the reputation of enterprises in economic transformation is usually relatively low, and overdraft integrity is also the main reason for the “cheat†behavior. In the results of the special verification of the first batch of high-efficiency energy-saving air-conditioners in 2010, the problem of a well-known enterprise was very serious. The number of 7928 units could only be confirmed by 150 units. It can be seen that even well-known companies are unscrupulous and fraudulent, not to mention other small businesses.
Thirdly, the weak awareness of consumer energy conservation has also contributed to the “cheat†behavior of enterprises to a certain extent. Although the country has implemented the “energy-saving and benefit-minded people policy†for more than one year, there are fewer consumers who fully understand the scope of its coverage, the intensity of subsidies, and the subsidy process, especially the subsidized product catalogue. According to the new energy vehicle sales survey, when buying a car, it is known that consumers who purchase energy-saving cars have a preferential policy account for 44%, and know that the specific preferential models are less than 32%. This has created an opportunity for individual companies to fish in troubled waters and seize the opportunity to use subsidies.
That is to say, under the joint effect of unreasonable subsidies, lack of supervision, low corporate credit, and weak consumer awareness, the use of indirect subsidies will inevitably lead to many problems. So why not take a direct subsidy? The subsidy “Hui factory†does not “reward the peopleâ€, and the energy-saving effect is greatly reduced. In fact, the author believes that the subsidy payment method for energy-saving and Huimin projects can be modeled after “home appliances going to the countrysideâ€, and direct subsidies are used to set up specialized agencies. Consumers can choose to pay for specialized agencies, or they can choose to pay for financial institutions. This method will increase the cost of promotion, but it can restrain the dealers from confusing preferential policies and subsidy policies to a certain extent, and manipulate sales data to ensure the effectiveness of the policy. Of course, "home appliances to the countryside" has also had some problems, but it should not be a mechanism problem.
In addition to direct cash subsidies, the government can also use tax incentives and concessional loans to promote energy-saving products. For example, new energy vehicles can convert cash subsidies into purchase taxes, purchase tax reduction policies, and concessional loans. The government directly subsidizes consumers in a discounted manner.
For the access of energy-saving products, the government should increase investment in testing equipment, program specifications, etc., and set strict standards to regulate the behavior of production and sales companies. In addition, the government can also follow the example of Japan to establish an energy-saving evaluation system, and reward those who promote outstanding products of energy-saving products, in order to encourage enterprises to promote the enthusiasm of energy-saving products, and to increase the punishment for enterprises that are shoddy and falsely report energy efficiency. Strictly stop its use of the name of energy conservation, and do the "cheat".
In addition, it is very important to increase publicity and raise consumers' awareness of energy conservation. On the one hand, it can not only form good social supervision, but also effectively guide consumers' energy-saving behavior. Japan is recognized as a world leader in energy conservation and energy efficiency, and is inseparable from its national energy conservation awareness. China can learn from Japan's experience and increase energy-saving publicity and education, so that energy-saving awareness is truly deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. (Lin Boqiang, China Energy Economic Research Center, Xiamen University, Distinguished Professor of Changjiang Scholars)
The scams clearly reflect a series of problems such as the current non-standardization of China's energy-saving market, imperfect policy formulation, low corporate reputation, and weak energy-saving awareness.
First of all, from the perspective of policy formulation, the unreasonable subsidy method and poor supervision are the most direct causes of the phenomenon of “false fraudâ€.
The international community has implemented a policy of financial subsidies for the promotion of energy-saving products. The United States, Britain, France, Japan, South Korea, Australia and other countries have adopted financial subsidies to promote high-efficiency energy-saving products. International experience shows that reasonable financial subsidies can effectively guide the production behavior of enterprises, household and individual consumption behavior, and facilitate the implementation of emission reduction. China started the “Energy Conservation and Benefits Projectâ€, and its starting point is to promote the energy conservation and emission reduction strategy by subsidizing policies, expanding the market share of energy efficient products.
So where is the problem? China's "energy-saving and benefit-ministership" subsidy is a form of indirect subsidy, that is, the government issues subsidies to enterprises, and then transfers them to consumers, which in itself leaves room for operation for manufacturers and distributors. The US government also adopts a cash subsidy method for consumers to purchase “Energy Star†products. There are two types of subsidies. The first method is that consumers only need to submit the basic data and purchase vouchers of the purchased products to the project responsible department. Can receive subsidy funds. The second way is that if the seller of the product purchased by the user has an agreement with the unit that carries out the cash subsidy project, the consumer can obtain the cash subsidy directly from the seller when purchasing the product.
China's subsidy method is similar to the second US method. But the difference is that this kind of subsidy in China is carried out in the absence of a strict supervision system. In terms of new energy vehicles, the state has not tested or tested the fuel consumption standards, and it has not been tested and tested by any third-party organizations. It is based on the fuel consumption standards reported by the enterprises themselves. If the sales, installation and user information of energy-saving products are entered into the information management system of “energy-saving products for the benefit of the peopleâ€, the state has no practical verification methods. For the promotion enterprises that violate the law and regulations, although the state has given punishment according to the plot, the biggest strength of punishment is to cancel the promotion qualification, and it is impossible to form a substantial constraint on the enterprise. Under the favorable opportunity of policy loopholes, weak supervision, and unrestricted punishment, it is inevitable that enterprises will “falsely report fraudâ€.
Secondly, the reputation of enterprises in economic transformation is usually relatively low, and overdraft integrity is also the main reason for the “cheat†behavior. In the results of the special verification of the first batch of high-efficiency energy-saving air-conditioners in 2010, the problem of a well-known enterprise was very serious. The number of 7928 units could only be confirmed by 150 units. It can be seen that even well-known companies are unscrupulous and fraudulent, not to mention other small businesses.
Thirdly, the weak awareness of consumer energy conservation has also contributed to the “cheat†behavior of enterprises to a certain extent. Although the country has implemented the “energy-saving and benefit-minded people policy†for more than one year, there are fewer consumers who fully understand the scope of its coverage, the intensity of subsidies, and the subsidy process, especially the subsidized product catalogue. According to the new energy vehicle sales survey, when buying a car, it is known that consumers who purchase energy-saving cars have a preferential policy account for 44%, and know that the specific preferential models are less than 32%. This has created an opportunity for individual companies to fish in troubled waters and seize the opportunity to use subsidies.
That is to say, under the joint effect of unreasonable subsidies, lack of supervision, low corporate credit, and weak consumer awareness, the use of indirect subsidies will inevitably lead to many problems. So why not take a direct subsidy? The subsidy “Hui factory†does not “reward the peopleâ€, and the energy-saving effect is greatly reduced. In fact, the author believes that the subsidy payment method for energy-saving and Huimin projects can be modeled after “home appliances going to the countrysideâ€, and direct subsidies are used to set up specialized agencies. Consumers can choose to pay for specialized agencies, or they can choose to pay for financial institutions. This method will increase the cost of promotion, but it can restrain the dealers from confusing preferential policies and subsidy policies to a certain extent, and manipulate sales data to ensure the effectiveness of the policy. Of course, "home appliances to the countryside" has also had some problems, but it should not be a mechanism problem.
In addition to direct cash subsidies, the government can also use tax incentives and concessional loans to promote energy-saving products. For example, new energy vehicles can convert cash subsidies into purchase taxes, purchase tax reduction policies, and concessional loans. The government directly subsidizes consumers in a discounted manner.
For the access of energy-saving products, the government should increase investment in testing equipment, program specifications, etc., and set strict standards to regulate the behavior of production and sales companies. In addition, the government can also follow the example of Japan to establish an energy-saving evaluation system, and reward those who promote outstanding products of energy-saving products, in order to encourage enterprises to promote the enthusiasm of energy-saving products, and to increase the punishment for enterprises that are shoddy and falsely report energy efficiency. Strictly stop its use of the name of energy conservation, and do the "cheat".
In addition, it is very important to increase publicity and raise consumers' awareness of energy conservation. On the one hand, it can not only form good social supervision, but also effectively guide consumers' energy-saving behavior. Japan is recognized as a world leader in energy conservation and energy efficiency, and is inseparable from its national energy conservation awareness. China can learn from Japan's experience and increase energy-saving publicity and education, so that energy-saving awareness is truly deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. (Lin Boqiang, China Energy Economic Research Center, Xiamen University, Distinguished Professor of Changjiang Scholars)
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