The keel is mainly divided into wood keel, light steel keel, aluminum alloy keel, and steel keel according to different materials, among which the light steel keel and wood keel are most commonly used. The keel mainly plays a supporting role in the decoration, such as building the ceiling, platform and other shapes of the skeleton, showing that the keel has a great decisive effect on the overall decorative effect.
Wooden keel ceiling construction process
The wood keel skeleton is a commonly used material in the ceiling project, but if the pre-construction is not standardized, it will seriously affect the aesthetic effect, and may even affect the safety of the occupants. For this reason, CoolNet.com has summarized the main steps in the construction of wooden keel ceilings for your reference.
1, copy the bomb line. Lines include: elevation lines, roof molding location lines, hanging point layout lines, large and medium-sized lamp bit lines.
(1) Determine the elevation line: According to the +50cm horizontal line on the interior wall, use the ruler to design the height of the ceiling, draw the height line at that point, fill the water with a plastic transparent hose, and face the end of the hose horizontally The height of the quasi-wall. Then at the other end of the hose, find another point on the same side wall. When the water level in the hose is still, draw the horizontal position of the point, and then connect the two points, that is, the ceiling height level. Use the same method to make high level lines on other walls. During operation, it should be noted that only one reference height point for a room is used, and each wall's height line measurement point is common. A line of ink is played around the wall. This line is the horizontal line around the ceiling. The deviation cannot exceed 5mm.
(2) Determine the molding position line: For a more regular building space, the ceiling molding position can first measure the vertical distance on a wall surface to draw the horizontal lines of other wall surfaces, that is, the ceiling frame position can be obtained, and then Gradually find out the shape of the individual frame lines. For the irregular space painting ceiling style line, a point-finding method should be adopted. That is, the distance from the edge of the model to the wall surface should be measured according to the construction drawings. The actual measurement from the wall surface and the ceiling base should be performed to find out the relevant basic points of the ceiling shape frame. Connect the points to form a ceiling molding line.
(3) Determine the hanging point position: For the flat ceiling, the hanging point is generally arranged one per m2 and evenly arranged on the ceiling. For suspended ceilings with stacked shapes, attention should be paid to the arrangement of hanging points at the layered junctions. The distance between the hanging points should be 0.8 to 1.2 m. Larger lighting fixtures should be arranged with separate hanging points for hanging.
2, wood keel processingThe wooden keel used for the ceiling was screened, and parts such as corrosion, oblique cracking, and moth-eaten were removed. The wood keel used in the project must be fireproofed. Generally, the fireproof paint is painted or sprayed on the surface of the wood, and the wood can also be impregnated in the fireproof paint tank.
For wooden keels that are in direct contact with the structure, such as wall keels, girder keels, keels that protrude into or contact with the wall should be pre-brushed with preservatives. The preservatives that are required to be painted have the effect of moisture-proof, anti-mite and anti-corrosion.
3, installation of boom
(1) Setting method of suspender fixing
1 Fix the ∠25×3 or ∠30×3 angle Iron on the floor of the cast-in-place floor with M8 or M10 expansion bolts. For M8 expansion bolts drilling depth ≥ 50mm, drilling diameter 10.5mm is appropriate; for M10 expansion bolt drilling depth ≥ 60mm, drilling diameter 13mm is appropriate.
2 Use φ5 or more high-strength nails to fix ∠40×4 angle steel or steel plate on the floor of the cast-in-place floor.
3 When watering the floor or the roof slab, iron pieces are embedded in the bottom of the arrangement of the booms, and iron pieces are made of δ=6mm thick steel plates, and the anchor claws are 4φ8L≥150mm.
4 Pre-embedded floor slabs are pre-embedded or the pre-fabricated slab is pre-embedded with φ10 steel bars. (For non-human roofing, the optional φ6 or φ8 for the sill) requires the pre-embedded location to be accurate. If it is cast-in-situ slab, the exact position should be marked on the stencil surface and then drilled on the stencil. Ribs. For the steel formwork, the suspender connecting ribs can also be pre-bent 90° and then be placed on the surface of the template, which will be removed after the mold is removed.
The above two methods for fixing the boom connector are not suitable for the upper roof.
(2) Hanger connection
For wooden keel ceilings, the connection between the boom and the main keel is usually made with a main keel drilled, the lower part of the boom is covered with a thread, and the main keel is fastened with a nut. The upper part of the boom is generally connected to the boom fixing member by welding. Before the welding, the connection line is pulled. After the lower part of the screw is leveled, the upper part is welded again. The connection between the suspender and the upper fixing member can also be welded to the steel plate embedded member pre-drilled or embedded on the angle steel fixing member by welding the φ10 steel bar ring, and then the upper part of the suspender bar is bent into and fixed after being inserted.
Hanger vertical and horizontal spacing according to design requirements, in principle, the hanger spacing should not exceed 1000mm; boom length greater than 1000mm, must be set in accordance with the requirements of the provisions of reverse support; ceiling lamps, tuyere, and inspection openings, etc. should be additional boom.
4, install the main keel
The main keel is usually 50mm x 70mm, and the larger room is 60mm x 100mm. Where the main keel meets the wall, the main keel shall extend into the wall no less than 110mm, and the wall shall be painted with a preservative.
The layout of the main keel should be designed according to the design requirements, and the dividing line should be divided. The sub-file size should also be considered in accordance with the size of the surface layer.
The main keel should be installed in the same direction as the room and should be arched at the same time. The height of the arching should be about 1/250 of the room span. The cantilever section of the main keel should not exceed 300mm. The main keel is connected to take long joints. The butt joints of adjacent main keels must be staggered. After the main keel is hung, it should be basically leveled.
5, install sub keel
The sub-keel generally adopts 5cm×5cm or 4cm×5cm wooden rakes. The bottom is planed, smoothed, and the section thickness should be the same. The spacing of the keel should be designed according to the design requirements. When the design is not required, it should be determined according to the specifications of the cover panel, generally 400 to 500 mm. When the middle keel is nailed, it should be arched. The span of 7 to 10 meters in the room is generally 3/1000 in arches; in the span of 10 to 15 meters, it is generally 5/1000 in arches.
The two sides of the side keel are installed and positioned at the dividing line. After the wire is pulled, each keel is set at the elevation of the arch, and the small keel is fixed on the big keel by a round nail with a short hanger. The suspension rod must be staggered by the stud. On the same side of the keel.
The keel is nailed first, and the keel is placed between the keel (or card joist). The distance between the keels is generally 5cm × 5cm or 4cm × 5cm square wood, the spacing is generally 30 ~ 40cm, with 33mm long nails and sub-keel nailed. The connection between the secondary keel and the main keel is mostly 8 to 9 cm long nails, which are inserted diagonally through the secondary keel into the main keel, or connected through the angle iron and the main keel. Sub-keel joints and fractures and large knots are required to be clamped with double-sided plywood and should be used staggered. At least two nails on each side of the joint are nailed. When the wall is masonry, the bricks are usually pre-embedded along the wall according to the elevation of the ceiling, and the spacing is more than 1m. This is used to fix the side of the wall where the keel is installed. Wall bars).
6, pipe and lighting fixture
When the ceiling is to be combined with the location of the lamp, the fan position to reserve the cave and hook. When there are pipelines or wires passing through the flat top, pipes and wires should be pre-installed, and then the surface layer should be laid. If the pipeline has insulation requirements, the ceiling surface should be sealed after the insulation work of the pipeline is completed. Large halls should adopt suspended ceilings of different heights and heights.
7, the installation of ceiling shield panel
Wooden keel ceiling, its commonly used cover panel decoration gypsum board (white plate, perforated plate, embossed pattern, etc.), plywood, fiberboard, wood wool board, particleboard, printed wood board and so on.
Light steel keel ceiling construction process
Light steel keels are also commonly used in suspended ceilings. Their cost is higher than that of wooden keels and is more commonly used in public installations. The following installation of cool network and then for everyone to talk about the construction process of light steel keel. The light steel skeleton is divided into two types: U-shaped skeleton and T-shaped skeleton. The main parts of the light steel skeleton are large, medium and small keels; the accessories are hanging pieces, connecting pieces and hanging plugs.
1. Process flow: Stretching line—→ Installation of big keel suspenders—→Installing big keel—→ Installing keel—→ Installing small keel—→Installing cover plate—→ Installing batten—→Screw anti-rust paint
2. Stretching line: According to the elevation of the floor, use the vertical vector to the top of the shed to design the height of the awning, stretch the height of the ceiling along the wall and around the column, and follow the horizontal line of the elevation of the ceiling.
3. Install the big keel suspenders: After bombing the ceiling elevation line and the keel position line, determine the elevation of the lower end of the boom, and pre-bury the end of the boom without screw bolts and the floor according to the large keel position and the hanging distance. The rigid ribs are connected and fixed.
4, install large keel:
(1) equipped with a hanger nut;
(2) Pre-installation of hanging pieces on large keels;
(3) Installation of large keel: The large keel of the hanging part is assembled so that the hanging part penetrates into the desired boom nut and the nut is tightened according to the position of the split line;
(4) Large keel phase connection: Fitting the connecting piece, pulling the wire to adjust the elevation and arching;
(5) Attach large keel to the installation hole, and set the connection card according to the corresponding node structure of the atlas;
(6) Fix the side keel and fix it with a shot screw. When the design is not required, the distance between shots is 1000mm.
5, the installation of keel:
(1) Press the middle keel to split the line, and place the keel hanging piece;
(2) Hanging keel: According to the design of the spacing between the keel, the middle keel through the hanging pieces, hanging on the big keel, the design is not required, the general spacing is 500 ~ 600mm;
(3) When the length of the keel needs to be lengthened, the middle keel connecting piece is used to connect the middle keel and the straight keel is fixed.
6, install the small keel:
(1) Push the small keel line to block the line and clip the small keel to drop the pendant.
(2) Hanging small keel: According to the design of the small keel spacing, the small keel through the hanging pieces, hanging in the middle keel, the design is not required, the general spacing in the 500 ~ 600mm.
(3) When the length of the keel needs multiple continuous extensions, use the small keel to connect the small keel and connect the opposite ends at the same time, and then straighten and fix them.
(4) When the T-type keel is used to form the light steel skeleton, the small keel should be installed with a snap-fitting small keel each time one panel is installed when installing the cover panel.
7. Install the cover panel: Under the light and rigid frame that has been installed and experienced, press the cover panel's specifications, pull the gap to divide the block bullets, and then start from the middle of the top shelf along the middle keel to install a row of cover panels as the benchmark. , And then install branches to both sides, the distance between the self-tapping screws of the fixed cover panel is 200~300mm.
8, anti-rust paint brush: light steel frame cover panel roof, the weld is not rust-proof surface (such as embedded, hanging pieces, connecting pieces, nailing accessories, etc.), before the hand-painted anti-rust paint. This process should be performed before the enclosure panel.
9, should pay attention to the quality of the problem
(1) The ceiling is uneven: The reason is that the boom is not leveled when the big keel is installed, resulting in inconsistent elevations of the boom points. During the construction, the tightness of each hanging point should be checked, and the connection line check whether the elevation and flatness meet the design and construction specification requirements.
(2) The structure of the local node of the light steel skeleton is irrational: in the leaving hole, the lamp mouth, the vent, etc., the keel and the connecting piece should be arranged according to the corresponding node structure of the figure, so that the structure meets the requirements of the atlas and design.
(3) Pipelines and equipment parts must not be suspended on light steel skeletons.
(4) The gap gap between the cover panel and the block is not straight: pay attention to the specifications of the plate during the construction, correct the cable, and ensure that it is straight and straight when installing and fixing.
(5) The pressure strips and fillet strips are not straight and straight: During the construction, the cords should be pulled, fixed and pressed after being aligned.
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